問題與研究

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張詠詠 (Yung-Yung Chang)

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64卷4期(2025/12/18)

在科技快速發展的時代，數位領域已成為地緣政治競爭的核心，重塑全球治理、安全與經濟格局。美中日益激烈的科技競爭正在加速全球數位秩序的分化，其核心問題在於全球網路治理規範的分歧，反映出不同價值觀與政策優先事項的對立。在此背景下，印太地區憑藉其經濟潛力與科技創新能力，成為推動數位轉型與治理的關鍵戰場。

除了美中競爭，歐盟（EU）作為全球規範性權力（Normative Power Europe, NPE），也試圖在印太地區的數位秩序中發揮影響。然而，相較於美國以市場驅動（market-driven）模式與中國以國家主導（state-led）模式競逐數位領導權，歐盟的角色仍顯模糊，因此有必要進一步探討其在數位治理領域的影響力及戰略定位。

本研究分析歐盟在數據治理、數位市場經濟及網路安全等領域的規範性影響，並探討其在美中競爭格局下如何維持戰略自主性。本文借鑑Paulus（2024）提出的「規範能動性」（Normative Agency）框架，以評估歐盟在全球數位治理中的行動方式與影響途徑，並透過政策文件分析、學術文獻檢視及比較分析，評估歐盟在全球數位治理中的規範性影響。

本文主張，歐盟主要透過「規範橋樑搭建者」（Norm Bridge-Builder）的角色，嘗試在美中對立的數位治理模式之間進行橋接，提供一條折衷且具包容性的路徑，推動跨境數據流通、數位經濟公平競爭與以人為本的數位規範。然而，歐盟在印太地區的影響力仍受到內部政策一致性、經濟技術實力、美中競爭壓力及當地國家戰略考量等因素的制約。文章首先回顧全球數位治理的競爭態勢與歐盟的規範性角色，接續介紹理論框架與研究方法，並透過案例分析歐盟在印太地區的相關實踐，最後探討其在形塑數位秩序過程中的挑戰與機遇，以期為歐盟未來的數位戰略提供參考。

In an era of rapid technological advancement, the digital domain has become a core battleground for geopolitical competition, reshaping global governance, security, and economic structures. The intensifying U.S.-China technological rivalry is accelerating the fragmentation of the global digital order, with the key challenge being the divergence in global cyber governance norms, reflecting conflicting values and policy priorities. Against this backdrop, the Indo-Pacific region, with its economic potential and technological innovation capacity, has emerged as a critical arena for digital transformation and governance.

Beyond U.S.-China competition, the European Union (EU), as a Normative Power, also seeks to exert influence over the digital order in the Indo-Pacific. However, compared to the U.S.’s market-driven approach and China’s state-led model in digital governance, the EU’s role remains ambiguous,

necessitating further analysis of its influence and strategic positioning in this domain. This study examines the EU’s normative influence in data governance, the digital economy, and cybersecurity, exploring how it seeks to maintain strategic autonomy amid U.S.-China competition. Drawing on Paulus (2024)’s Normative Agency framework, this research evaluates the EU’s approaches and pathways of influence in digital governance. Through policy document analysis, academic literature review, and comparative analysis, this paper assesses the EU’s normative impact in shaping digital order. The paper argues that the EU primarily acts as a “Norm Bridge-Builder”, attempting to mediate between the polarized U.S. and Chinese digital governance models, offering a middle-ground approach and inclusive pathway that promotes cross-border data flows, fair competition in the digital economy, and human-centric digital governance. However, the EU’s influence in the Indo-Pacific remains constrained by factors such as internal policy coherence, economic and technological capacity, the pressures of intensified U.S.-China competition, and the strategic calculations of regional states.

Structurally, this paper first reviews the competitive landscape of global digital governance and the EU’s normative role, followed by an introduction to the theoretical framework and research methodology. It then presents case studies on the EU’s engagement in the Indo-Pacific and concludes with an

analysis of the challenges and opportunities the EU faces in shaping the digital order, offering insights for the EU’s future digital strategy.

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