歐洲統合於過去半個世紀的發展，為政策實踐與學術研究提供建構歐洲特殊身份認同的機會。在尋求一個適合其身份認同的全球性角色的過程當中，歐體/歐盟已在對外政策的合作進程中，展現與傳統強權不同的特質，並呈現出具關鍵影響力的規範性力量。隨著在政策領域當中歐洲國家逐漸發展出對外與安全政策整合的機制，學界也提出「公民強權」的概念，藉以指稱在聯盟的層次上，以集體性的非軍事措施解決國際衝突的方式，在經過不斷實踐形成行為體間互動慣例模式後，所建構出具特殊性的歐盟國際身份認同。 然而，當歐盟開始試探軍..

A half century of European intergration has had a profound effect on both policy practice and academic research in pursuing the distinctiveness of Europe's identity as a whole. In the process of finding an appropriate role based on its constructing identity, the EC/EU has shaped a distinct foreign policy and developed decisive normative power in world affairs. Along with the formation of foreign and security policy cooperation among EU member states, the academic circle has proposed the “civilian power” concept, referring to..

自蘇聯解體後，在獨立國協境內發生了大規模的族群重新配置的現象，其中又以散佈在中亞、高加索與波羅的海等地區，數量超過二千五百萬的俄羅斯人最為顯著。環繞著這些俄羅斯人的重要課題之一，即是其新的認同形塑的問題。透過對此課題的了解，多樣的認同的存在，不只單是平行的現象，而是一種同一的多層次結構，彼此並不必然會在認同選擇的過程中出現衝突。  

After Soviet Union disunited, ethnic groups redistributed on a large scale in the Commonwealth of Independence States, especially for the Russian exceeding twenty-five million around Central Asia, Caucasus and the area of Baltic Sea. Among these Russians, one of the significant issues is the formation of their new political identity. By understanding this issue, the existence of multiple identities is not only a parallel phenomenon, but also a multiple-layered structure that does not necessarily result in conflict in the proc..