食品貿易全球化帶來了大量的經濟利益,但開放食品進口提供國內消費者更多選擇之餘,他們健康上面臨的風險也越來越高。易言之,食品貿易在締造財富的同時,也在威脅我們每一個人的飲食衛生安全。在出口國透過食品貿易賺取經濟利潤之際,進口國公共衛生安全法規的自主性也受到挑戰。全球食品貿易機展的越快,主權國家面臨公共衛生與貿易自由化兩種法益權衡與選擇的困境就越強;一方面國家有義務保障本國人民的健康,但一方面其也必須遵守世界貿易組俄 (WTO) 架構下的食品安全規範。
有別於傳統的安全研究,本文主張將人類安全的概念置於衛生安全的核心思考中,並透過以「人」為本的安全觀來撿視目前的食品安全與貿易建制。經由個案研究,本文指出食品法典委員會 (CAC) 或世界動物衛生組織 (OIE) 所提供的國際食品安全標準非常值得商榷,不必然能保障人類的衛生安全。而回應此缺失的可行方法是以人類安全代替傳統上以國家為中心的安全思考,讓衛生安全的真正主體——個人,得到應有的重視。
The globalization of trade in food has brought great economic benefits Food imports have expanded consumer choices but have also resulted in higher health risk. ln other words, food trade has generated money and threatened the health of individual at the same time. While conferring tangible economic benefits on the states, the expansion of global commerce also has posed considerable challenges for their food safety regulatory structure. In light of the expansion of food trade, the sovereign state's regulatory system has been faced with the dilemma of protecting public health by maintaining high national food safety standards, while simultaneously meeting their obligations under the WTO regime and its SPS Agreement.
Contrary to conventional security studies, this paper views “human security” as the core value of sanitary security and integrates “human security” into the relationship between food safety and trade regimes. Taking the human security approach as a new conceptual framework, the authors adopted the case study regarding the SPS Agreement under the WTO system. In analyzing the likely impact of the SPS Agreement on food safety, this study suggested that international food safety standards such as fish diseases listed by OIE or hormone residue in beef regulated by CAC's standard-setting process, are critically doubtful. In addressing this, the attempts to strengthen sanitary security on a global level could possibly be seen in the efforts by the concept of human security to establish true security. It manifests the necessity of the securitization of sanitation from focusing on “state" to the “individual”.
人類安全的概念首次出現在聯合國開發計畫署(United Nations Development Programme, UNDP)於 1994 年出版的人類發展報告之中,自此 之後,人類安全與人類發展等概念廣為各國採用與學界討論。其中位於東南亞的泰國,於 1997 年遭受亞洲金融風暴的襲擊後,在泰皇蒲美蓬 (Bhumibol Adulyadej)的倡導之下,積極推動強調「以人民為主」(people- centered)的人類安全概念。雖然泰國在許多方面表現出對..
The concept of human security first appeared in the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) 1994 Human Development Report. According to the report, the scope of human security should be broadened to include seven issues: economic security, food security, health security, environment security, personal security, community security and political security. Since then, concepts of human security and human development are widely adopted and implemented by states and commonly discussed in the academic world. Thailand ac..
冷戰的結束為全球國際情勢創造了新的現況,「安全」的意義不再只是狹義的以「國家」為「安全」的唯一適用單位,「人類安全」概念在這樣的背景下出現。唯「人類安全」指的是「誰的」安全? 針對此一問題,本文從移民議題與人類安全概念的相容性切入,探討人類安全概念在移民議題上之適用性。文章進而專注於歐盟對人類安全概念之論述,並以近年非洲企圖渡海抵達歐洲之移民情況為個案來評估歐盟將人類安全付諸實踐之情況。結論指出,「人類安全」之思維既已得到歐盟支持認同,則那些鋌而走險企圖尋求較好生活環境的非法移民在跨海過..
The new international status quo resulted from the end og the Cold War has broadened tthe definition of "security". No longer does "security" pertian only to "nations", a theme best epitomized by the concept of "human security". The concept of human security, however, has been under attack for its lack of clarity regarding "whose" security it aims to analyze. This article tackles this problem by probing into the applicability of the concept on the migration issue. It focuses on the ..
請輸入想查詢的期刊標題、關鍵字、作者相關資訊. Please enter the journal title, keywords, and author-related information you want to query.