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日本經濟發展的非正式制度因素:以行政指導及官員空降為例證
The Informal Institutional Factor of the Japanese Economic Development: Administrational Guidance and Amakudari
蔡增家(Zheng-Jia Tsai)
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45卷6期(2006/11/01)

本文主要從日本政治經濟結構當中非正式制度的轉變來探討 1990 年之後日本經濟衰退的主要原因。在過去分析日本經濟衰退的原因大多是從國際層次與國內層次兩個面向來分析，在國際層次方面包括自由化的衝擊與日圓的急遽升值;在國內層次方面則包括政府主導模式的失調與規制緩和的調控，而這些面向主要焦點都集中在國際化與自由化的轉變對日本國內政經制度的衝擊，而忽略日本國內制度轉型的重要性。本文認為在過去這些文獻探討大多集中在日本正式制度的調整，而忽視非正式制度的存在與轉變。本文主要論點認為，1990 年之後日本經濟之所以遲遲無法復甦，主要原因便在於:歷經 90 年代選制改革、財政改革、金融改革與行政改革，日本正式制度雖然已經作了大幅改變，而非正式制度卻仍然存在，而在日本這些非正式制度的影響力卻通常是大於正式制度。本文將以日本政經體制當中的行政指導、官員空降等兩項非正式制度的轉變來印證以上的論點。

 

The goal of this paper is to explore the roots of Japanese economic recession in the 1990s from the transition of informal institutions in Japan. In the past, analysis of the Japanese economic recession in the 1990s was used to the aspect of international dimension and domestic dimension; focuses on the formal institutions such as political reform, fiscal reform, administrational reform, and financial reform, and neglected the changes of informal institutions. The argument of this paper bases on the fact that Japan has reformed formal institutions over the past 15 years, yet with the informal institution still present, suppressing the recovery from the economic recession of the 1990s. This paper will consider two of the informal institutions: the Administrational Guidance and Amakudari, to verify the argument.

 

非正式制度政治經濟學行政指導官員空降日本 informal institution Political Economy Administrational Guidance Amakudari Japan

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