要探究國際關係建構主義理論的學術貢獻與影響,實有必要回歸到其肇 始之初的系絡,即是 Nicholas Onuf 與 Friedrich Kratochwil 的學術生涯發展之 中,由於 Onuf 和 Kratochwil 所受的國際法與國際關係學術訓練,致使他們 致力於以社會理論連結國際關係理論與國際法。國際關係建構主義理論也就 是肇始於他們兩人的此連結當中,進而逐漸擴展成為國際關係重要的理論或 研究途徑。
本文的主旨在比較分析 Onuf 與 Kratochwil 的社會理論(建構主義)在連結國際關係理論與國際法學理論的方式,以理解國際關係建構主義理論的 社會理論意涵,而能探索 Onuf 和 Kratochwil 在國際關係與國際法的連結及貢獻。首先,以 Onuf 訪台的三場演講呈現此連結為其學術的志業;其次,比較 Onuf、Kratochwil 和 Wendt 的理論觀點差異,以顯示 Onuf 和 Kratochwil 兩人的相近與 Wendt 相異;第三,論述兩人在促進建構主義理論發展的貢獻,以說明建構主義理論成為國際關係與國際法重要理論的原因; 第四,比較兩人在國際法理論與國際關係理論之間的差異,藉以說明兩者的建構主義理論化過程並未以批判的方式思考其法律的意涵,而是假定了既有體制的正當性。第五,比較兩人在社會理論的差異,藉以理解兩人的建構主義社會理論內容;第六,比較兩人的建構主義哲學基礎差異,探索兩人運用建構主義理論連結國際法與國際關係差異的關鍵;第七,以整體比較兩人之間的連結差異;第八,就兩人與國際關係與國際法的連結,提出其所受到的批評與影響。
To explore contributions and influences of constructivism, we should trace back to the career developments of Nicholas Onuf and Friedrich Kratochwil. Due to their trainings of International Law ( IL ) and International Relations(IR), they have focused on linking IR and IL with constructivism as a social theory. Constructivism originated from this linkage and had become an important theory or approach in IR.
This article comparatively explores the way of linking IR and IL with social theory(constructivism)in Onuf’s and Kratochwil’s works, in order to understand the implications of constructivism and its contributions to IR and IL. First, we present Onuf’s three speeches when he visited Taiwan in 2012 that portray his academic vocation. Second, we analyze different perspectives amongst Onuf, Kratochwil and Wendt to show a similarity between Onuf and Kratochwil, and dissimilarity from Wendt. Third, we discuss their contributions in advancing constructivism and explain reasons for constructivism being a major theory in IR and IL. Fourth, we compare the differences between Onuf and Kratochwil in IL and IR and show that their theorizations of constructivism has been achieved by assumptions of legitimacy of the establishments and not through critical thinking of international laws. Fifth, we compare their differences in constructivism as a social theory in order to understand their perspectives. Sixth, we compare their differences in the philosophical foundations of constructivism and explore their different ways of linking IL and IR. Seventh, we compare their total linkages for integral understanding. Finally, we present critiques from IL and IR and discuss their influences on IL and IR.
本文探究歐盟整合過程中出現的多樣性整合模式,並進而探討不同的整合模式對兩岸關係的適用性為何。依據「國家認同與定位的相關性」及「是否為領導或創始國」等兩項變數,本文區分出歐盟四種整合模式:德國模式對整合運動的承諾與支持度最高,其次為芬蘭模式與法國模式,英國模式則為最低。基於台灣與中國大陸政府對台灣主權存在爭議的現實,持願景路線的德國或法國模式均無法適用於兩岸關係的整合模式,兩岸整合前景最好的情況為芬蘭模式,最不理想為英國模式。模型化的結果因而可以解釋為何兩岸日..
This paper investigates the diverse approaches of EU members’ integration with the EU through modeling, and assesses the applicability of each model to the Taiwan-China relations. Building upon two variables – ‘the association with national identity and reorientation’, and ‘being the leading or founding member’ – four EU members’ integrative models stand out. The German model is proven to be the most integrationist, followed by the Finnish and the French models. The UK model app..
有關於層次分析(levels-of-analysis)的研究早於第二次世界大戰以來即受到西方學者相當之注重,但國內相關之研究仍未重視層次分析之研究途徑,亦很少有研究著作涉及層次分析之研究架構。近年來隨著「建構主義」 在國際關係理論上愈受重視,開展相互主觀、研究「結構/體系」與「單元 /能動者」之動態互動關係,並提及跨層分析的重要性,可惜建構主義學者亦未能將層次分析之相關理論做系統性之整理或推導成分析模型。針對此,本文將傳統國際關係理論及建構主義涉及層次分析的..
Levels-of-analysis has been one of most important IR theory in the West since World War II, but still waiting to be explored in Taiwan. With the rises of constructivism emphasizing the concept of intersubjectivity, exploring the relations between structure and agency, and reverting the significance of cross-levels analysis, researchers are forced to recall levels-of-analysis approach. However, there is still a pity that constructivism did not offer a modeling analytical framework for the studies of levels-of-analysis. Therefo..
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