半總統制的聯合內閣如何形成？半總統制下的總統如何影響內閣的組 成和運作？聯合內閣不同的運作模式如何影響聯合內閣的存續？是本文主 要的研究問題。本文的結論如下：第一、中東歐多數的半總統制國家之總 統是屬於無黨籍總統，憲法規定當選之後必須退出政黨運作。然而這些無 黨籍總統並沒有退居二線或是扮演超然中立的角色，依然會運作其憲法上 的權威主導或是介入內閣的運作。特別是當國會沒有任何一個政黨控制過 半數時，總統可以主導選擇結盟的政黨對象，藉由組合多數..

The main research questions addressed in this paper are: How does a coalition cabinet form in a semi-presidential system, in what ways does the president influence its formation and operation, and how do different modes of coalition governance affect cabinet durability? The conclusions are as follows: Firstly, in many semi-presidential countries in Eastern Europe, the president is a non-partisan f igure constitutionally required to withdraw from partisan politics after election. However, these non-partisan presidents..