1965 年「解決國家與他國國民間投資爭端公約」創設國際投資爭端解決中心，建立以仲裁程序為主的投資人對地主國爭端解決機制，投資人無須仰賴母國行使外交保護權，得遂行投資人對地主國仲裁以落實國際投資條約之實體保障。惟對跨國投資之中小企業而言，鉅額仲裁費用形成仲裁利用途徑之障礙，不但妨礙中小企業投資保障實體權益之落實，更可能衝擊國際投資爭端解決機制去政治化之發展。國際投資仲裁程序費用，如仲裁機構規費，仲裁庭費用與法律服務費用，動輒達百萬美元以上。中小企業可能無力承..

The 1965 Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (ICSID Convention) established the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) and affirmed the use of international arbitration as primary means for resolving disputes between foreign investors and host states. An aggrieved foreign investor no longer needs to rely upon its home state to invoke diplomatic protection once local remedies are exhausted in the host state, but could proceed with investor..

就「例外論」而言，既有文獻主要聚焦於探討美國、中國、印度等大國對於自身「例外性」的想像與建構，相對忽略了作為「隱士王國」的北韓也有著根深蒂固的「例外論」傳統。基於此，本文藉由國家自傳體敘事的研究架構，並以主體思想為主軸，對「北韓例外論」加以剖析。文章認為神話敘事面向的檀君神話、北韓金氏家族的敘事操控以及北韓的歷史政治教育是三種有效影響北韓向「例外」身分轉化的自傳體敘事機制；在類型上，「北韓例外論」大致可分為北韓政治制度優越論、北韓國家特性例外論，以及北韓國家地位例外論。根據本文的研究發現..

In terms of “exceptionalism”, some studies have focused on the imagination and construction of exceptionality by major powers such as the United States, China, and India, while ignoring the deep-rooted tradition of exceptionalism in North Korea as a hermit kingdom. With this in mind, this article uses an analytical framework for national autobiographical narratives and analyzes Korean exceptionalism with a focus on the Juche idea. The article argues that the mythological narrative-oriented myth of Dangun, the narrative manipulat..