台灣與新加坡雖然一直被學者認為是發展國家的典型案例,然而兩者在 1990 年代之後卻邁向截然不同的轉型途徑;展現在國家介入市場的特徵上也大異其趣。雖然有關兩個發展國家的現況已有許多個別研究,然而透過比較的視角以探討兩地公私部門間的網絡鑲嵌結構的差異,在目前的研究文獻中仍然鮮少。本文透過制度論的分析架構,聚焦在兩者的政府介入企業層次的治理網絡,考察其結構的形成歷史與演變軌跡,透過量化的資料比較其異同,並探討兩種不同網絡結構可能會有的政經意涵。1990 年代以後的新加坡政府整合強大的國家資源,透過跨國投資與仲介企業合作為手段的強勢擴張型網絡,積極地帶領本地企業擴張;相較之下,台灣則逐漸轉型為受民間企業力量左右並被分裂的選舉與利益團體力量所困的被動網絡形態。這兩種途徑的演變各有其不同的歷史經驗與制度脈絡,也構成兩地未來發展路途上不同的挑戰。
Although Taiwan and Singapore have been considered as two successful cases of the developmental state model, their recent transformations demonstrate distinct and divergent paths. Recent studies have documented this transition from a macro perspective of the political-economic process, yet scholars have been relatively inattentive to the market governance network from a meso-organizational perspective. We believe that it will help us better understand the transforming nature of two developmental states by looking at the network interface between public and private sectors and see how it serves as a critical mechanism for state power to control and govern the market. In this study we look into the difference of two markets in the embeddedness structure between state agencies and private sectors, laying out their respective institutional logics, examining the networking patterns between state-owned and private businesses, and discussing implications to the issues of state-business relationship and corporate governance.
過去研究已指出選舉輸家和贏家在民主滿意度和政治支持上具有顯著的差異,然而卻鮮少有研究檢視選舉輸家和贏家在情感極化的程度上是否有顯著的不同。本研究認為在選舉競爭激烈的情況下,選舉輸家對於勝選者缺乏信心,不信任勝選者會回應其需求,加深其與勝選陣營之間的鴻溝,進而具有較高的情感極化程度。另一方面,選舉贏家則因為處於勝選、掌握政治權力的一方,對於敵對陣營可能較具有包容力,因此會具有較低的情感極化程度。此外,本研究進一步提出選舉輸家/贏家與情感極化之間的關係會受到治效能感的調節作用而產生異質性的影..
Previous research has pointed out significant differences between electoral losers and winners in terms of democratic satisfaction and political support. However, there has been scarce examination of whether there are significant differences in affective polarization between electoral losers and winners. This study argues that in fiercely competitive elections, electoral losers lack confidence in the winners and distrust that their needs will be addressed, deepening the divide between them and the winning camp, and leading to higher levels ..
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