日本戰後形成的發展型國家體制被視為是1990 年代「失落十年」的元兇,日本政府因此採取了眾多政治與經濟上的構造改革。本文檢視日本發展型國家體制中兩個促成日本經濟成長的重要制度如何因改革而發生變化:一是力量強大的大藏省用來保護金融界的「護送船團」金融監理制度,二是傳統上金融界相互分擔分險、銀行和企業間特殊溝通管道而形成的「主要經辦銀行制度」。不少學者認為日本發展型國家已經轉型為英美式的監理型國家,但本文發現,雖然改革後的金融監理制度可說趨向監理型國家,「主要經辦銀行制度」也因銀行和企業間的相互持股降低而日漸消逝,然而銀行與企業集團並未完全放棄雙方傳統的緊密關係,反而還想繼續維持。本文認為,日本金融制度雖然引入西方式改革,但發展型國家的傳統仍然存在。換言之,雖然日本發展型國家昔日風光已因經濟危機而消逝,但舊制度仍然抵抗著新改變,監理型國家尚未在日本成形。
The developmental state built after WWII has been blamed for Japan’s “lost decade” of the 1990s. The Japanese government takes a lot of structure reforms in politics and economics. This article examines how the two- important traditional structures of Japanese developmental state that were named as the engines of postwar economic successes were transformed by reforms. The first is so called “convoy system” financial regulation: the powerful ministry Okurasho with this system protected the financial communities. The second is the mainbank system, a product of the financial communities sharing risks with each other and special communication between banks and enterprises. Some scholars claim that the Japanese developmental state is transforming to the Anglo-American style, namely regulatory states, This article finds that the style of Japan’s financial regulation tends toward a regulatory state, and the mainbank system is wearing away due to the decline of shares cross-holding between banks and enterprises. However, banks and business groups have not abandoned their traditional close relationships entirely but tries to remain. The author argues that the western style reforms have induced into Japan’s financial institutions, but the legacies of developmental state are still present. In other words, currently it has not been witnessed an established regulatory state in Japan because the old institutions are resisting the new changes.
台灣與新加坡雖然一直被學者認為是發展國家的典型案例,然而兩者在 1990 年代之後卻邁向截然不同的轉型途徑;展現在國家介入市場的特徵上也大異其趣。雖然有關兩個發展國家的現況已有許多個別研究,然而透過比較的視角以探討兩地公私部門間的網絡鑲嵌結構的差異,在目前的研究文獻中仍然鮮少。本文透過制度論的分析架構,聚焦在兩者的政府介入企業層次的治理網絡,考察其結構的形成歷史與演變軌跡,透過量化的資料比較其異同,並探討兩種不同網絡結構可能會有的政經意涵。1990 年代以後..
Although Taiwan and Singapore have been considered as two successful cases of the developmental state model, their recent transformations demonstrate distinct and divergent paths. Recent studies have documented this transition from a macro perspective of the political-economic process, yet scholars have been relatively inattentive to the market governance network from a meso-organizational perspective. We believe that it will help us better understand the transforming nature of two developmental states by looking at the netwo..
本文回顧近年來政治經濟發展的研究。文中處理兩個主要的議題,第一個是國家在經濟發展中的角色,包括產業政策以及經濟自由化政策。產業政策部分討論贏家挑選政策、產業政策實踐上的差異、技術官僚與統治者之間的關係、影響發展途徑選擇的結構性因素,以及近年來發展型國家的轉型。其次,發展國家論的著重在工業政策,對經濟自由化政策常以經濟發展的另一種選項視之。本文討論國家如何交互使用這兩項政策,另外也分析影響經濟改革推動的制度與結構性因素。挑選贏家的過程中需將資源分配到最有潛力的部門,經濟自由化改革也需移除壟..
We review two important topics in the field of political and economic development. We discuss how states employ industrial policies and economic liberalization to promote economic development. Within the industrial policy framework, we delve into the issues of choosing winners, difference in industrial policy implementations, the relationship between technocracy and the rulers, structural factors that affect industrial policy choices, and the transformations of developmental states in recent years. Secondly, the debates surrounding developm..
請輸入想查詢的期刊標題、關鍵字、作者相關資訊. Please enter the journal title, keywords, and author-related information you want to query.