柔性平衡理論以不同於傳統平衡論的觀點解讀國家行為與互動，其認為國家在威脅不明或與他國利益相連等情況下，將透過迂迴隱晦的方式進行平衡。該理論近年來在國際關係學界中漸受關注，研究者們不僅運用其解讀現實案例，也對理論內涵提出許多評述與論辯。本文在回顧既有論著的基礎上探討該理論之內容並檢視各類平衡策略形態，以期呈現柔性平衡理論當前的整體發展狀況，並釐清其內容中的爭議處，以推動後續研究的進一步深化。
The theory of “soft balancing” deals with the actions and interactions among states that is different from traditional balancing theories. The former features a belief that states achieve balances among themselves in indirect and covert ways under uncertain threats and interests pegged with other states. During the past few years, the theory of soft balancing has gradually gained prominence in academic circles of international relations. Researchers not only apply the theory while interpreting actual cases, but also have commented and debated extensively with regard to its contents. This article explores contents of the theory by reviewing arguments in existing studies. The various balancing tactics are divided or combined to reflect the overall development status of the theory at present and clarify contents in question. Hopefully, it will help to promote more advanced studies in the future.
本文主旨在探索國際關係理論本身存在的理論反思性，包括反思性較強的批判性國際關係理論、後現代主義、建構主義等理論，以及反思性較弱的 現實主義與自由主義等理論，尤其是現實主義反思中出現的反思現實主義 (reflexive realism)，特別是其對於國際關係學界忽略的現實主義之政治-倫理面向及理論化過程的反思，以及其理論內涵與特色;進而其引發國際關係理論研究未來發展的可能性。本文首先分析國際關係理論的理論反思性及其核心元素，以及非主流各理論的反思性。其次，分析..
This article explores theoretical reflexivities of international relations theories, including the stronger reflexivity of the critical international relations theory, postmodernism, constructivism, and the weaker reflexivity of realism and liberalism. In particular, the reflection of realism has brought out “reflective realism” which reveals the political-ethical aspects and theorization, as well as contents and characters of realism. This article also explores possible contributions of reflective realism to inte..
新現實主義針對外部平衡提出了許多的模型，但卻未能說明國家為何，以及如何在不同類型的內部平衡間進行選擇，以回應外在的壓力。要解釋一國在軍事政策上的變化，必須以一種結合體系與單元雙層次變數的理論進行分析，而這種理論的基礎即是目前方興未艾的新古典現實主義。不過，新古典現實主義雖注意到了單元層次的重要性，卻仍忽略了國家行為邏輯的雙重性，亦即，國家除了權衡利害關係(後果性邏輯)以做出決策外，在此過程中，也會受到文化因素(適當性邏輯)的影響。本研究即是希望能夠透過理論綜..
There are many models of external balancing based on neo-realism. Nevertheless, not all can interpret why and how states choose among different types of internal balancing strategies to response the extrinsic stress. To understand the change of a state’s military policy, neoclassical realism integrates the system-level and unit-level variables. However, it still ignores the dual nature of the logic of state’s action, namely, besides interest, the influence of culture. Hence, a new “secure arming” model..
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