武裝衝突期間軍隊保護人類文化資產的角色，國際人道法、國際人權法與國際刑法訂有相關的義務及規範，但此義務或法律規範具體的落實則是有賴於國際組織與強國(主要是美國)在不同的戰爭或武裝衝突期間的實際經驗。即使美國在2003年伊拉克戰爭前已經規劃保護當地文化資產的措施，軍隊及其盟軍仍遭致批評未能保護文化資產。後續2004年在科索沃戰爭期間未能保護東正教(Eastern Orthodox)修道院及防止種族屠殺之間的兩難、2005年在伊拉克薩馬拉(Samarra)歷史1..

This research tries to explore the evolution of international laws regarding the cultural property protection (CPP) during the event of armed conflict with armed forces having obligations to protect cultural property from Law of War, International Humanitarian Law, Law of International Human Rights and International Criminal Law. However, the international practices were based on the interactions of international politics and international laws have been played by great powers (particularly United States) in wars or armed con..

非傳統安全指的是除了戰爭外其他會威脅到國家安全的議題，在全球化的局勢下這些議題的重要性與日俱增，然而文獻上少有對這個國際關係的第三大次領域系統性的整理，本文討論非傳統安全的三大重要主題—能源安全、環境議題、恐怖主義，以及其他議題如糧食安全、移民與難民議題、跨國犯罪、以及傳染病，除了回顧相關文獻並探討其趨勢外，本文認為非傳統安全的議題仍不斷在擴充中，並點出全球化下科技在這些議題中扮演的重要角色。

Non-traditional security (NTS) issues refer to any issues other than wars that will threaten national security. The importance of NTS issues has been increasing as globalization has accelerated. The literature, however, lacks a systematic review of NTS research, which is arguably the third largest subfield in international relations. This paper focuses on three major NTS issues—energy security, environmental issues, and terrorism, and also briefly discusses other NTS issues, including food security, migration and refugees, transnation..