國際憲政主義概念固然有待精確定義,但有關世貿規約憲政主義化的見解,已然成為國際法學界討論國際憲政主義概念的藍本。國際憲政主義概念的演化暨發展方向,可能影響到國際社會法律體系的建構,以及國家未來在國際社會所受到的司法制約程度。展望未來,世貿規約憲政主義化的經驗進程,是否會對國際法其它面向的法理論證造成影響,繼續將人權概念置入永績發展、國際環境保護、氣候變遷機制與海洋環境保育等議題的論證當中,並以人類社群整體福祉之極大化為前提,為沒有參與締約的第三方創造國際責任與義務,值得吾人深入並且持續的進行觀察。
本文首先將勾勒出全球化對國際公法造法機制所產生的挑戰,探索憲政主義概念應用於國際公法的發展,再以世貿規約的憲政主義化發展為例,檢視國際憲政主義概念運用於世貿規約的不同主張,最後勾勒出國際憲政主義主張,對國際社會法律體系演變之影響。希冀透過國際憲政主義各種不同觀點之檢視,揭示國際公法規範暨世貿制度改革之深層意義。
Despite debates addressed among constitutionalists, the concept of international constitutionalism has caused legal consequences to the sovereignty base of international law, and thus mutates the concept of the status of the states. Nowadays, trade scholarship is particularly preoccupied with questions of constitutionalism. The constitutionalization of WTO regulations has triggered a debate on the future of global constitutionalism. Some scholars of the International Public Law believe that WTO, as an institution of global governance, would create a set of constitutional norms for the international trade that will guide her members' trade interactions. It will be worthy of our attention to address problems of their extension to diverse domain of international law, such as the subject areas of human rights, law of the sea, enviromental law, and international criminal law, etc.
This article will first discuss the developmlent and limits of the concept of constitutionalism that is adopted into the international Public law. Then the focus will be put to the nonnative foundations of this application. By exploring the constitutionalization of WTO law, the third part of this article will examine the different arguments for international constitutionalism. The impacts of international constitutionalism on the international Public law will constitute the final part of this article.
討論國際經貿規範的法制化過程,無法規避國際法與國家間的權力運作問題,更不能忽視國際社會不存在最高權威之國際無政府狀態的事實。國際社會存在國家資源暨地位的不對稱差異,使強權得以操縱國際經貿議程,建構符合強權利益的國際經貿規範。形式上,國際經貿規範的法制化,係參與者基於對等地位,透過雙邊暨多邊談判後所建構而成的法律,但其實質內容,仍反映強權國家在不對等的基礎上,操縱談判議程,鑲嵌強權利益,扭曲平等正義,強化本國優勢,限制對手經貿發展機會之事實。 ..
It is hard to neglect neither the fact of power competition nor the anarchic character of the international society as scholar researches the context and the practice of international law. The asymmetric distribution of international resources enhances the possibility for powerful states to manipulate the agenda of International Economic law legalization processes, which are therefore constructed in according with the interests of the international Powers. Formally, international economic laws are instituted through bilateral..
國際原子能總署(IAEA)所倡議之核燃料多邊化方案,試圖透過多邊化機制,設立 IAEA 核燃料銀行,集中全球核燃料的生產、供應與銷售,從而避免各國在製造和平使用目的核燃料的保護傘下,研發並製作核武級原料,增加核武擴散之風險。IAEA 核燃料循環多邊化倡議之發展,涉及一國能否取得民用核燃料之供應保證,擁有核濃縮與再處理權利,以及擁有再處理技術會否遭遇國際制約的問題。該等倡議一旦成形,即可能開啟核條約課予第三國義務之濫觴,並衝擊 NPT 締約國和平使用核能之權益..
The nuclear fuel multilateral program promoted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) attempts to use multilateral mechanisms to establish the IAEA Nuclear Fuel Bank, in order to concentrate the worldwide production, supply and sale of nuclear fuel. The purpose of the program is to prevent countries from, under the guise of producing nuclear fuel for peaceful aims, to research, develop and manufacture weapon-grade nuclear raw materials, which increases the risk of nuclear proliferation. The development of IAEA multi..
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