在聯合國教育科學文化組織《保護水下文化遺產公約》(Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, CPUCH)之架構下,所謂 「保護」,意指現地保存(in situ),以及無法現地保存時之陸上保存。通說認為,現地保存意味著將水下文化遺產留置在海底,避免商業開發或其他非必要之干擾;此即以保護為旨趣之首要考量,僅於遭遇萬不得已之情況下,且經正當程序,認定確有打撈水下文化遺產之必要,方得捨棄現地保存選項,退而尋..
Within the framework of the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage (CPUCH), the first option for the protection of underwater cultural heritage (UCH) is ‘in situ preservation,” which means UCH ought to be left on the sea floor. Shipwreck recovery activities are necessary if and only if the competent authorities require them to happen. While multiple policy instruments are used to achieve the in situ preservation, economic instruments are rarely applied. This paper starts with a short ..
我國實務見解對於載貨證券仲裁條款,拘泥於當事人簽名與否,不符國際公約與英美法制,亦抵觸仲裁法。按仲裁法理,載貨證券載有仲裁條款,而未抵觸相關定型化契約規範時,透過載貨證券交付,構成當事人仲裁合意;海商法第 78 條允許運送關係當事人約定仲裁地與仲裁規則,並視為仲裁協議一部份,明文承認載貨證券仲裁條款效力。關於載貨證券引置傭船契約仲裁條款之效力,因仲裁法強調仲裁合意之彰顯,故引置條款未指明引用傭船契約仲裁條款者,應認為未形成仲裁合意;反之、若明確指向傭船契約仲..
Regarding the formality of arbitration clause on bills of lading, our judiciary opinions are insistent upon the signature requirement of the involving parties, which contradict not only the international conventions and the Anglo-American legislations, but also our Arbitration Law. Under the Arbitration Law, a bill of lading containing an arbitration clause that constitutes consent to arbitration by exchange of letter or other communications between parties if the rules for adhesive contract terms are satisfied. Article 78 of..
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