21 世紀開始以來,國際上發生了許多重大的恐怖攻擊事件,例如 2001 年 911 恐怖攻擊事件、2002 與 2003 年兩次峇里島爆炸事件、2004 年馬德里火車爆炸事件,2005 年倫敦地鐵攻擊事件、2008 年孟買攻擊事件。這些恐怖攻擊事件因為造成眾多人死傷,加上國際媒體晝夜強力放送,使閱聽大眾至今記憶猶新。但是,這些恐怖攻擊事件都只是整個恐怖組織活動的最終「產品」。
國際恐怖行動若分成上、中、下游。上游是資金的供給,中游是人員招募與訓練,下游是恐怖活動的執行。其中最為關鍵的面向無疑是對恐怖組織的資助與資金的募集。一旦獲得資金,並不一定保證能夠馬上運用,因為有些資金的來源屬於非法,必須透過國際金融體系的流通甚至洗錢的過程,才能將資金轉變成實質的購買力,以遂行恐怖行動。本文的主要目的在於試圖瞭解國際恐怖組織資金的流動方式及國際社會的回應。
本文分成五大部分。導言部分由全球化理論與背景出發,敘述恐怖主義資金流動在全球化現象下的複雜性與重要性。第二章開始分析恐怖主義資金流動的兩大方向:需求面與供給面。第三章討論恐怖組織如何將所得到的金錢資助,透過洗錢的過程,轉化為實質的購買力,以應付必要的支出。因應恐怖組織資金流動對國際安全的威脅,第四章討論國際社會如何對此回應。 第五章則是綜合本研究所做成的結論。
Since the beginning of the 21st century, many deadly terrorist attacks have taken places, such as the 9-11 attacks in 2001, Bali terrorist attacks in 2002, Madrid train bombings in 2004, and London suicide bombings in 2005. The images of these terrorist attacks on the audience around the globe are readily recalled due to casualties and broadcasting by the international media. In actuality, the attacks are the “final products” of a whole series of activities conducted by international terrorism.
If terrorist activities were to be described by the analogy of a river, the terrorist financing can be ordered upstream, recruitment and training at midstream, and implementation of terrorist act downstream. The key part of the whole terrorist activity would be financing and fund raising. Successful fund raiseing does not tranlanste to successful use of the fund. If terrorist funds are originate from illegal sources, it must be financially channeled or even laundered into real purchasing power for the purpose of conducting terrorist attacks.
This article attempts to clear the funding sources of terrorist groups: how these funds are transformed into purchasing power and how international community and national respond. The article unfolds in three main parts. The first part deals with the financing of terrorism; the second part inquires the financial flow of terrorist groups, and the final part summarizes the key measures of counter-terrorism through finance implemented by the international community and national governments.
2016 年夏,歐盟面臨近 20 年來恐怖主義威脅的最高峰。2015 年初開始,伊斯蘭恐怖分子陸續對法、比、德等國境內大城發動恐怖攻擊,使歐洲國家陷入極度恐慌。本文從歐洲恐怖主義的歷史背景出發,討論歐洲恐怖主義意識形態基礎的轉變,並描述伊斯蘭國對歐洲的威脅。此外,歐洲外交安全政策、內部移民問題與社會問題、聖戰意識形態、網路科技等因素,皆對歐洲近期恐怖主義的發展,產生重大影響。此一波歐洲恐怖攻擊方式,主要 以孤狼式攻擊為主,而歐洲聯盟也以內部與外部行動,企圖回..
In the summer of 2016, Europe was facing its biggest terrorist threat of the last two decades. Form the beginning of 2015, Islamic terrorists have launched a series of attacks on major cities in France, Belgium and Germany. The EU has been in a state of panic after the attacks. First, this article discusses the transformation of terrorist ideology in Europe from a historical background and describes the threat of the Islamic State. In addition, the European foreign and security policy, immigration and social problems, jihadis..
請輸入想查詢的期刊標題、關鍵字、作者相關資訊. Please enter the journal title, keywords, and author-related information you want to query.