政黨輪替是當代民主政治發展的重要條件。日本的民主政治雖然在戰後新憲法公布後即開始進行,但自 1955 年起便形成自民黨一黨獨大的政治體制。這是因為,日本戰後的政黨輪替思維,受限於國內政治、經濟、社會與政黨條件等國內外環境的影響,使其無法在民主政治發展過程中具體展現。冷戰結束後政經情勢的轉變,讓日本的政黨輪替思維獲得解放,也促成了日本民主黨的成立與發展。本文主旨是藉由民主理論與近代日本政治發展觀點,思考政黨輪替思維在日本的演變歷程,並以日本民主黨的成立背景、組織發展來分析其在政黨輪替思維演變中的角色與定位。
Party alternation is an important condition for the development of modern democracy. Although the Japanese democracy after World War II proceeded from the enforcement of the new constitution, LDP dominated the Japanese politics since 1955. The party alternation thinking in Japan was limited by the situations of domestic and international environment such as politics, economics, society and parties. The end of the Cold War liberated the party alternation thinking in Japan, and led to the formation and development of DPJ. This paper aims at the changes of party alternation thinking in Japan based upon the theories of democracy, as well as the aspect of Japanese political development. Furthermore, the roles of DPJ in the development of party alternation thinking in Japan were also proposed in this paper.
本文主要是補充論述日本新選舉制度與自民黨走向集權化的關係。既有研究指出,在新選舉制度下,日本自民黨的派閥勢力逐漸地瓦解,從政治過程的觀察中,同時顯示出自民黨派閥的影響力確實也在消退中。本文發現,自民黨在新選舉制度下,依然維持「現任者優先」的提名策略,而「現任者優先」卻具有默認既存派閥勢力的意味。就此而言,派閥勢力應該保有足夠的生存空間,又為何會在新選舉制度下逐漸消退呢 ? 本文擬從候選人在新選舉制度下的「趨中現象」、「政權公約」的黨中央主導、重複提名的設計與比例的提高,以及 「七十三歲屆..
The main purpose of this paper is to further elaborate on the relationship between Japan's new electoral system and augmentation of power in the LDP central committee. The existing studies pointed out that the newly-reformed electoral system in Japan leads to a gradual decline of factions within the LDP while the actual power of the LDP central committee was elevated. However, this paper argues that if LDP's nomination process in the new electoral system still complies with the principle of “incumbents first," which w..
民主黨於 2009 年的眾議院選舉中大勝,取代自民黨執政,然而也在 3 年後的選舉中大敗而結束政權。「民主黨政權為何失敗?」成為研究現代日本政治變動的新題材。既有的研究主要從政治主導的失敗、首相領導權的不足,以及政權公約的挫折來分析,本文則從「分立國會」的新觀點來分析,論述在「分立國會」架構下,參議院如何透過「特例公債法案」的審查,來影響民主黨政權的重要政策與政權運作。 本文研究結果發現,以往被視為眾議院輔助角色的參議院,其影響力已經不..
The Democratic Party of Japan(DPJ)won a landslide victory in the election of House of Representatives in 2009, replacing the Liberal Democratic Party(LDP)as the ruling party, but abruptly terminated due to an overwhelming defeat in another election three years later. Why did the DPJ fail? This question has become a striking issue of modern political science in Japan. Existing studies mainly focus on perspectives such as defeat of political dominance, inadequacy of prime minister’s leadership, or failure of Manifesto. Th..
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