期刊內容 Issue content

發展研究與反事實分析: 以臺灣政府開發援助為例
Development Studies and Counterfactual Analysis: Case of Taiwan’s Official Development Aid
蘇昱璇(Yu-Hsuan Su)
61卷4期(2022/12/01)
二十一世紀以來的國際發展援助議程益加強調援助有效性,如何確立
援助過程中最後階段—政策到發展結果—的有效性,則與2015年、
2019年與2021年諾貝爾經濟學獎得主,使用個體資料、應用因果推論方
法、進行反事實分析緊密相關。本文回顧援助有效性的背景,介紹反事實
分析的邏輯、方法,並透過訪談與文獻分析,檢視臺灣目前政府開發援助
中,已獲學術期刊審查刊登的反事實分析案例,包括國際合作發展基金會
在南太平洋島國吉里巴斯與馬紹爾群島的園藝計畫以及海地之糧食安全計
畫。本文發現上述案例突破過去臺灣援外工作純質化敘述、可能流於主觀
的評估方式,除具體呈現援助成效並予以量化,亦有助於國內外了解臺灣
的發展援助工作,打破金援外交等負面刻板印象。未來建議將事後評核思
維完整納入計畫初期準備與評估階段,收集基線資料,擴大樣本數,更積
極與相關發展議題的文獻對話,並與其他國際發展組織交流,以期進行更
完善嚴謹之成效評估。
Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the international
development agendas have put more emphases on aid effectiveness. How to
ensure the effectiveness from policies to development outcomes, the last stage
of the aid process, is closely related to counterfactual analyses using micro-level
data and causal inference techniques, recognized by Nobel Memorial Prizes in
economics in 2015, 2019, and 2021. This paper reviews the background of aid
effectiveness, introduces the logic and techniques of counterfactual analyses
commonly used in development studies, and examines academic publications
applying counterfactual analyses to evaluate Taiwan’s official development
assistance (ODA) projects. These include three projects carried out by the
International Cooperation and Development Fund (TaiwanICDF), namely
horticulture projects in Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, two Small Island
Developing States, and a food security project in Haiti. These evaluation studies
go beyond the past practices of purely qualitative and descriptive evaluations
of Taiwan’s ODA, which may suffer from being subjective. Counterfactual
evaluations present and quantify TaiwanICDF’s aid effectiveness, increase
the public’s understanding of Taiwan’s development aid and refute the negative stereotype of checkbook diplomacy.
To conduct more rigorous impact evaluations, this paper suggests incorporating the evaluation design into the
early stage of initial preparation to collect baseline data, increasing the number
of observations and engaging in more interactions with other international
development organizations.
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