本文主要從日本政治經濟結構當中非正式制度的轉變來探討 1990 年之後日本經濟衰退的主要原因。在過去分析日本經濟衰退的原因大多是從國際層次與國內層次兩個面向來分析，在國際層次方面包括自由化的衝擊與日圓的急遽升值;在國內層次方面則包括政府主導模式的失調與規制緩和的調控，而這些面向主要焦點都集中在國際化與自由化的轉變對日本國內政經制度的衝擊，而忽略日本國內制度轉型的重要性。本文認為在過去這些文獻探討大多集中在日本正式制度的調整，而忽視非正式制度的存在與轉變。本文..

The goal of this paper is to explore the roots of Japanese economic recession in the 1990s from the transition of informal institutions in Japan. In the past, analysis of the Japanese economic recession in the 1990s was used to the aspect of international dimension and domestic dimension; focuses on the formal institutions such as political reform, fiscal reform, administrational reform, and financial reform, and neglected the changes of informal institutions. The argument of this paper bases on the fact that Japan has reform..

2016年日本通過宇宙2法，揭櫫推動民間升空商機、遙測數據商業等目標，目的在於擴大日本太空商業活動與世界太空市場接軌。其次，2017年美國NASA公布「阿緹米斯計畫」（Artemis program），基於美日同盟和美日安保，日本也積極參與美國主導的月球計畫；日本第5期《宇宙基本計劃》（2023∼2033年）表明日本邁入國際太空合作的動向，並且推出「宇宙安全保障構想」。就此，本文整理日本對應新太空時代的動向、太空與安保、太空民主聯盟等觀點，採用理性抉擇理論的「偏好—機..

In 2016, Japan passed the Space Act which aims to promote private space launch opportunities and the commercialization of remote sensing data, with the goal of expanding Japan’s space commercial activities and aligning with the global space market. Secondly, in 2017, NASA announced the Artemis program (Lunar Program). Based on the U.S.-Japan alliance and U.S.-Japan security arrangements, Japan is also actively participating in the U.S.-led lunar program. The 5th Basic Plan for Space Policy (2023~2033) indicating Japan’s move tow..