2016 年夏，歐盟面臨近 20 年來恐怖主義威脅的最高峰。2015 年初開始，伊斯蘭恐怖分子陸續對法、比、德等國境內大城發動恐怖攻擊，使歐洲國家陷入極度恐慌。本文從歐洲恐怖主義的歷史背景出發，討論歐洲恐怖主義意識形態基礎的轉變，並描述伊斯蘭國對歐洲的威脅。此外，歐洲外交安全政策、內部移民問題與社會問題、聖戰意識形態、網路科技等因素，皆對歐洲近期恐怖主義的發展，產生重大影響。此一波歐洲恐怖攻擊方式，主要 以孤狼式攻擊為主，而歐洲聯盟也以內部與外部行動，企圖回..

In the summer of 2016, Europe was facing its biggest terrorist threat of the last two decades. Form the beginning of 2015, Islamic terrorists have launched a series of attacks on major cities in France, Belgium and Germany. The EU has been in a state of panic after the attacks. First, this article discusses the transformation of terrorist ideology in Europe from a historical background and describes the threat of the Islamic State. In addition, the European foreign and security policy, immigration and social problems, jihadis..

本文從批判性地緣政治 ( critical geopolitics ) 的角度，藉由波士尼亞戰爭 ( 1992-1995 年 )此一案例，探討後冷戰時期美國的外交政策。深受國際關係後實證主義 ( post-positivism) 的影響，批判性地緣政治旨在問題化(problematize) 地緣政治的思想，主張地緣政治的基本元素，例如主權、領土、疆界、民族國家等，其意義不是既定的，而是社會實踐的結果。外交政策的功能之一，即是藉由賦予特定「他者」一個地緣政治的意義，建構或合理化國家的政策還..

This paper uses the approach of critical geopolitics to study the US foreign policy in the post-Cold War era, with the Bosnian war (1992-1995) being the empirical case. Influenced by the stream of post-positivism in International Relations (IR), critical geopolitics aims at problematizing traditional geopolitical thinking, holding that the meaning of concepts such as sovereignty, territory, boundary, nation-state, and so on, is not given and fixed, but is a construct of social practices. One function of foreign policy is thus to give an &ld..