歐盟於 1968 年成立一個糖共同行銷組織，在價格體系下，針對糖採取國內補貼與出口補貼。補貼額度超過歐盟 1995 年減讓承諾的補貼金額與出口數量，影響到澳洲、巴西與泰國糖的出口利益，而向 WTO 提起控訴。本案顯示補貼問題的複雜性，尤其很多國家透過國內補貼，而對出口產品實施交叉補貼，形成變相的出口補貼，這是本案的主要爭議。歐盟糖出口補貼被認定為違反 WTO 農業協定相關規定，因此影響到澳洲、巴西與泰國糖合法利益。本案對於歐盟糖體系的改革、WTO 杜哈發展議程談判以及開發中國家利益的影響，皆具有關聯性，值得重視。
The European Union (EU) established a Common Organization for sugar in 1968, and accordingly applied subsidies to sugar under the price support system. However, the EU has been providing export subsidies in excess of its budgetary outlay and quantity commitment levels specified in the Schedule of 1995, thereby nullifying or impairing benefits expected to accrue to Australia, Brazil and Thailand under the Agreement on Agriculture. This case demonstrates the complexity of subsidies, in particular as more and more WTO members apply domestic subsidies for export purposes through cross-subsidization arrangements, which is one of the outstanding issues of this case. It should also be noted that there is a trend for WTO members to bring agricultural disputes that are related to resolving export subsidies to the WTO dispute settlement system.
投資在歐盟與中國經貿關係，扮演一項重要角色。2009年12月1日《里斯本條約》生效後，歐盟共同貿易政策已涵蓋投資，使歐盟取得投資政策與投資談判之專屬職權。歐盟於2011年成為中國第一大貿易夥伴，與中國建立全面戰略夥伴關係。歐盟因此積極推動與中國的雙邊投資協定談判，以單一聲音，提高談判地位，期待簽署一項全面性投資協定。中國乃歐盟第一個對外投資協定談判之對象，歐盟又採取高標準投資保障談判策略。歐盟與中國雙邊投資協定談判除了影響歐中經貿關係之外，也將形塑國際投資規..
Investment plays a key role in EU-China trade relations. Since the Lisbon Treaty came into effect on December 1, 2009, the EU’s common commercial policy has extended to investment. Accordingly, the EU has exclusive compe- tence covering investment policy and its negotiation with third countries. Not to mention, the EU has become the main trading partner of China since 2011 because it identifies China as a strategic partner, as well as a targeting country with which to negotiate a high-standard bilateral investment agree..
2004 年及 2007 年歐盟兩次東擴後已有 27 個會員國，但目前仍有許多國家期望未來可以加入歐盟。對歐盟來說，繼續擴大歐洲穩定與民主區有助於歐洲大陸局勢之穩定，然其負面效應則是過多會員國可能有礙於更深層次的整合與有限資源應如何有效分配等問題。因此，歐盟對其鄰近國家採取一系列相關政策來整合目前歐盟與這些地區之互動，其主要政策工具即是歐盟睦鄰政策之推行，本文試圖釐清歐盟睦鄰政策初步實踐之效果。作者認為，睦鄰政策做為歐盟外交政策工具之一，其主要核心目標在於提..
There are 27 member states within the European Union after enlargements of 2004 and 2007; many others are still trying to join the EU recently. The inclusion of more states is conducive to the expansion of stability zone in the European continent but it will be at the cost of closer EU integration and resource distribution. The European Neighbourhood Policy is designed for enhanced cooperation after the fifth enlargement between EU and its partner countries and this article tries to explore the innate nature of policy goals a..
請輸入想查詢的期刊標題、關鍵字、作者相關資訊. Please enter the journal title, keywords, and author-related information you want to query.