永續發展是近年國際社會共同關注與致力推動的重大議題，在世界貿易組織（WTO）成員國推動下，投資便捷化與發展協定（IFDA）草案於2024年第13屆部長會議（MC13）提出。IFDA的重點規範包括推動投資措施的便捷化與投資人遵循負責任的企業行（RBC），惟IFDA僅要求成員國鼓勵投資人自願採行RBC國際規範，欠缺具體獎勵誘因與制裁機制，成效存疑，作為推動永續發展的國際規範架構，顯有不足。本文認為應仿效WTO貿易便捷化協定（TFA）的授權營運商機制，於IFDA增訂永續投資人認證（RSI）制度..

Sustainable development has become a major issue for the international community in recent years. A great number of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Members proposed a draft of the Investment Facilitation and Development Agreement (IFDA) at the 13th Ministerial Conference (MC13) in 2024, but not accepted. IFDA’s key provisions include facilitating investment measures and encouraging investors to adhere to responsible business conduct (RBC). However, the IFDA only encourages ‘voluntary adoption’ of international RBC norms..

全球暖化改變了北極的地緣政治格局，也促使中國參與北極事務。北極為中國提供的機會包括:縮短通往歐洲和北美港口的航運距離，增加貿易競爭力;有助中國北方港口城市發展不同定位的港埠經濟，及改善中國東北地區的經濟結構;有助於中國取得北極蘊藏豐富的天然資源;及有助於緩解中國當前面臨的安全問題，如「麻六甲困境」。但中國也遇到若干挑戰，包括:北極海冰構成航行威脅，航運成本也會增加;北極國家對中國涉足北極的疑慮;偏重於亞洲的貿易格局制約中國對北極的投入;以及中國技術能量不足等..

Global warming has changed geopolitics of the Arctic and prompted China to participate in the Arctic affairs. The Arctic offers many opportunities for China. First, it shortens the shipping distances to European and North American ports in order to increase trade competitiveness. Second, it develops different kinds of harbor economy and improve economic structures in the northeast of China. Third, it is able to acquire rich natural resources in the Arctic. Fourth, the Arctic can ameliorate China’s security problems, suc..