人類安全概念提出以來至今已逾十年,始終沒有獲得安全研究領域的重視。冷戰結束後,雖有非傳統安全在研究上對傳統安全侷限於軍事問題的缺漏進行修補,但依舊忽略「個人」對於安全研究的價值。本文認為,目前既有的安全研究已不能迎合全球化時代國際關係的發展趨勢,而把「個人」排除在安全研究的討論之外或是予以邊緣化,則為一種理解上的疏失。實際上,無論傳統安全所強調的軍事領域,或是非傳統安全所關注的貧窮、發展、疾病等問題,其核心與基礎的安全價值均構築在每一個「個人」身上, 這歸因於安全概念就像一道不可分割的光譜,儘管歸結出許多不同面向,但當其中一個安全面向受到影響時,其他面向也會受到波及;互賴現象不只適用於經濟關係,也同樣適用安全領域。最後,本文藉由哥倫比亞內戰的案例,論證何以「人類安全」具備在判斷安全是否落實、因應全球化的國際局勢、回應「內部」威脅來源等三方面的優勢,用以彰顯安全概念宜從「國家」到「個人」之必要性。
Even though the concept of Human Security first emerged more than a decade ago, it never gained much attention in the field of security study. In the post-Cold War era, non-traditional security study somehow rectified the defect of traditional security study that focused simply on military affairs, and was not comprehensive enough to understand the crucial role ‘People’ played in security study. From authors’ view, the present comprehension of security study can no longer catch up with the mainstream development of international relations in the age of globalization. To exclude ‘People’ from discussing or to marginalize it is a definite miscalculation of what ‘security’ really is. Either traditional security, which pays main attention to territorial matters, or non-traditional security, which cares more about poverty, development, disease, its core and essential value of security is no doubt based on ‘People’. In fact, the concept of security is a spectrum that cannot be divided; also, the spectrum has considerable inter-links and overlaps. An effect to one dimension of security is likely to travel to all forms of security. The phenomenon of interdependency on economic dimension is also relevant to security studies. By a case study of the Colombia civil war, this article demonstrates that the study of human security can help resolve threats from both internal and external forces, respond to the challenges of globalization, and achieve true security. It manifests the necessity of the study of security from focusing on “state” to the “people”.
非傳統安全指的是除了戰爭外其他會威脅到國家安全的議題,在全球化的局勢下這些議題的重要性與日俱增,然而文獻上少有對這個國際關係的第三大次領域系統性的整理,本文討論非傳統安全的三大重要主題—能源安全、環境議題、恐怖主義,以及其他議題如糧食安全、移民與難民議題、跨國犯罪、以及傳染病,除了回顧相關文獻並探討其趨勢外,本文認為非傳統安全的議題仍不斷在擴充中,並點出全球化下科技在這些議題中扮演的重要角色。
Non-traditional security (NTS) issues refer to any issues other than wars that will threaten national security. The importance of NTS issues has been increasing as globalization has accelerated. The literature, however, lacks a systematic review of NTS research, which is arguably the third largest subfield in international relations. This paper focuses on three major NTS issues—energy security, environmental issues, and terrorism, and also briefly discusses other NTS issues, including food security, migration and refugees, transnation..
權力與國家利益是國際政治研究的主要探討因素,也是國際關係學界戰後研究的起點,本文認為「權力」決定「國家利益」,進而限制「國家行為」的觀點 ,在國際人權規範下未必依舊是當代國際政治與國家行為的鐵律。從冷戰後國際社會的維持和平行動來看,有相當程度國家武力干預並非出於國家利益的動機,亦非與地緣戰略有關,而只是為了去維持國際社會的價值,一種強調人權價值、避免種族淨化的發生。這種國際社會的價值 (人性尊嚴、法治、民主) ,某種程度存有所謂規範制約權力的成分,強調權力的使用來自合法性,而這規範的形塑..
Power and national interest constitute an important research topic in the study of international politics, and can be seen as the starting point for the study of international relations in the post-war period. A number of scholars have asserted that “power” determines “national interest." Such a view, however, can result in an excessively restricted understanding of “national behavior," since the relationship between contemporary international politics and national behavior is not necessarily an ironclad on..
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