歐盟於 1968 年成立一個糖共同行銷組織,在價格體系下,針對糖採取國內補貼與出口補貼。補貼額度超過歐盟 1995 年減讓承諾的補貼金額與出口數量,影響到澳洲、巴西與泰國糖的出口利益,而向 WTO 提起控訴。本案顯示補貼問題的複雜性,尤其很多國家透過國內補貼,而對出口產品實施交叉補貼,形成變相的出口補貼,這是本案的主要爭議。歐盟糖出口補貼被認定為違反 WTO 農業協定相關規定,因此影響到澳洲、巴西與泰國糖合法利益。本案對於歐盟糖體系的改革、WTO 杜哈發展議..
The European Union (EU) established a Common Organization for sugar in 1968, and accordingly applied subsidies to sugar under the price support system. However, the EU has been providing export subsidies in excess of its budgetary outlay and quantity commitment levels specified in the Schedule of 1995, thereby nullifying or impairing benefits expected to accrue to Australia, Brazil and Thailand under the Agreement on Agriculture. This case demonstrates the complexity of subsidies, in particular as more and more WTO members ap..
歐盟整合成員國政策並建立監控外資活動機制的努力,自2017年9月執委會提議以來,進展迅速並已於2019年2月獲歐洲議會立法通過,相關文件均以中國大陸資金在歐併購為案例。本文回顧歐中投資爭議開端,申論其源於對外經貿與產業發展理念差異,而近期中方透過「一帶一路」、「中國製造2025」指令下的海外投資併購,試圖同時解決產能過剩與產業升級目標,使雙邊爭端白熱化。除前述中方政策對歐盟可能影響外,本文亦將討論歐盟因應策略,中方可能反制措施,以及當前情勢對於歐中雙方後續作..
In this paper, we argue that China’s current strategies including Made in China 2025 and Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) with large scale mergers and acquisitions are still consistent with the so-called “divide and rule” principle with respect to the European Union (EU) since 2005. Furthermore, there will be some leading and potential industries through the above approach, even though the problems of overcapacity and inefficiency still exist. On the basis of the bilateral trade and investment strategies, we a..
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