本文所要探討的是一個尚未回答的問題,也就是歐盟的法律地位問題,換句話說,歐盟在法律上屬於哪一類型的政治組織?
很顯然的,以傳統法律術語裡面所定義的聯邦去定位歐盟並不合適。目前的歐盟,既不是聯邦,也不應視為聯邦。當然,她也不能被稱為一個國家,因為她並沒有也不願爭取做為一個國家所必須具備的最高決策權力。根據歐盟憲法條約草案第一條第十一項第二款的規定,歐盟任何一種權力的取得以歐盟成員國的個別授權為限。因此,如何定義歐盟,至今還沒有人給過一個大家都能接受的答案。
筆者認為,給予歐盟一個法律地位,仍然是必要的。因此,我們有必要尋找一個新的術語來界定歐盟,這一個迄今尚未出現過的政治體。
The article deals with an unanswered question of how the legal status of the European Union may be characterized. In other words: What kind of political community the EU belongs to?
It is rather easy to demonstrate that the juridical terms, which were used traditionally to define federally organized political units, are not appropriate to characterize the European Union. It may not be treated as a confederation of soveregin states nor as a federal state, and the EU itself resists being called a state at all. It is because that the EU does not possess and is not willing to compete for the monopoly of power. According to Article I-11(2) of the Brussells Constitutional Treaty, the power of the EU is limited to “individual authorizations”, by which is was conferred on by the EU member states.
However, so far nobody has succeeded in defining the special status of the EU, let alone reaching for universal approval by doing so. The constitutional quality of the EU, as it is understood by the author, has yet to be clasified. We are still in search of an adequate new term for a new, hitherto unknown political creature- which, for the time being, remains the cause of all kinds of fears as well as great hopes.
俄羅斯現代史上轉型時期極為重要的理論和實踐問題,就是俄羅斯聯邦制的建立與發展。而俄羅斯社會的經濟、社會和國家政治領域改革的結果,很大程度上取決於聯邦制的順利發展。實際上,整個俄羅斯的命運也取決於俄羅斯聯邦制如何發展。本論文試著釐清兩個問題:第一、在葉爾欽時期,聯邦主體的主權過度擴張,為何在普金時期卻又能將這些權力收回?第二、其決定性因素為何?而此決定性因素又如何地影響聯邦中央和聯邦主體之間的權力拉鋸爭奪? 故本文有兩個重要議題,首先是試..
Russia is a federation which, as of March 1, 2008, consists of 83 federal subjects(members of the Federation). One of the extremely important theoretical and practical issues during the process of political transition in Russia’s modern history is the establishment and development of Russian federalism. The results of economic, social and political reform in the Russian society largely depend on the smooth development of federalism. In fact, the whole fate of Russia also depends on the development of Russian federalism...
從當前國際關係諸多研究來看,小國安全政策尚未成為國際關係的研究主流,即便小國數目眾多,多數研究仍指出影響國際關係發展的主要因素還是大國間互動關係。但隨冷戰結束、兩極對抗體系瓦解,眾多新興國際議題重要性逐漸升高,學術研究逐步重視新興議題對國家間互動之影響。從這個面向來看,冷戰結束使得許多小國逐漸拋棄傳統對立的安全政策,將重心擺在更廣泛的安全面向並同時擴及到其他眾多新興領域。關於此點觀察,透過對歐盟小國的案例分析,可更清楚說明此一趨勢。由於歐盟制度設計使然,小國..
As great power politics are regarded as trend setters in international relations(IR), most contemporary IR studies often neglected small states’ foreign behaviors. However, after the end of the Cold War, bipolar confrontation of great powers no longer existed, attentions began to turn to small states in the realm of international relations. The author argues that, with the help of proper design of methodological approach, the extent of small states’ external..
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