我國實務見解對於載貨證券仲裁條款,拘泥於當事人簽名與否,不符國際公約與英美法制,亦抵觸仲裁法。按仲裁法理,載貨證券載有仲裁條款,而未抵觸相關定型化契約規範時,透過載貨證券交付,構成當事人仲裁合意;海商法第 78 條允許運送關係當事人約定仲裁地與仲裁規則,並視為仲裁協議一部份,明文承認載貨證券仲裁條款效力。關於載貨證券引置傭船契約仲裁條款之效力,因仲裁法強調仲裁合意之彰顯,故引置條款未指明引用傭船契約仲裁條款者,應認為未形成仲裁合意;反之、若明確指向傭船契約仲..
Regarding the formality of arbitration clause on bills of lading, our judiciary opinions are insistent upon the signature requirement of the involving parties, which contradict not only the international conventions and the Anglo-American legislations, but also our Arbitration Law. Under the Arbitration Law, a bill of lading containing an arbitration clause that constitutes consent to arbitration by exchange of letter or other communications between parties if the rules for adhesive contract terms are satisfied. Article 78 of..
氣候變遷改變了全球氣候,也改變了北極。北極受全球暖化影響快速冰融,改變了區域內外的國際關係。中日韓三國為爭取未來可能浮現的北極航運利益,以及北極豐富的石油、天然氣等自然資源,紛紛設法進入此一區域。三國同時採取多邊和雙邊外交,意圖強化在北極的影響力。目前為止,三國的北極政策各自為政,甚至相互競爭,很容易產生利益衝突;北極重要的戰略地位,也易引起軍事緊張。事實上,三國在北極有共同的利益,這些共同利益有可能促成三國間的合作。  ..
Climate change has changed the Arctic. The Arctic ice is melting rapidly as the result of global warming. It changed the international relationships of the region and beyond. To compete for emerging Arctic shipping routes and abundant oil, natural gas and other natural resources, China, Japan and South Korea have managed to get involved in this area. The three countries are taking multilateral and bilateral diplomatic approaches simultaneously to strengthen their influence in the Arctic. So far, the three countries are acting..
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