Within the framework of the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage (CPUCH), the first option for the protection of underwater cultural heritage (UCH) is ‘in situ preservation,” which means UCH ought to be left on the sea floor. Shipwreck recovery activities are necessary if and only if the competent authorities require them to happen. While multiple policy instruments are used to achieve the in situ preservation, economic instruments are rarely applied. This paper starts with a short paragraph about the importance of in situ preservation. Then, an analysis on the policy instruments behind the design of the CPUCH and other international treaties is presented. Finally, the paper presents a legal case study that explores the restitution practice at sea. Through the above points, the writer hopes that this article would generate help and understanding for future policies and for law makers.
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