從21世紀開始，低敏感性的區域經濟整合已成為目前國際的趨勢。俄羅斯因應區域經濟整合趨勢，從傳統主導安全性區域整合改採以更有地緣政治優勢的能源戰略，來促進其建立在新「歐亞主義」的「歐亞經濟聯盟」。本文以地緣政治之能源戰略視角，檢視俄羅斯對前蘇聯國家的地緣政治與能源紛爭，並以交易成本經濟模型作為綜合型架構。本文認為國家作為一個理性行為者，俄羅斯運用地緣政治能源戰略降低交易成本。最後本文以交易成本變項來進一步分析前蘇聯國家與俄羅斯之議價能力。

In the 21st century, regional economic integration as a less sensitive issue has become the current international trend. In response to the trend of regional economic integration, Russia has changed from traditionally dominated thought of security regional integration to a more geopolitical energy strategy to promote its establishment of the “Eurasian Economic Union” based on the new “Eurasianism.” From the perspective of geopolitical-based energy strategy, the article examines Russia’s geopolitical and energy ..

1965 年「解決國家與他國國民間投資爭端公約」創設國際投資爭端解決中心，建立以仲裁程序為主的投資人對地主國爭端解決機制，投資人無須仰賴母國行使外交保護權，得遂行投資人對地主國仲裁以落實國際投資條約之實體保障。惟對跨國投資之中小企業而言，鉅額仲裁費用形成仲裁利用途徑之障礙，不但妨礙中小企業投資保障實體權益之落實，更可能衝擊國際投資爭端解決機制去政治化之發展。國際投資仲裁程序費用，如仲裁機構規費，仲裁庭費用與法律服務費用，動輒達百萬美元以上。中小企業可能無力承..

The 1965 Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (ICSID Convention) established the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) and affirmed the use of international arbitration as primary means for resolving disputes between foreign investors and host states. An aggrieved foreign investor no longer needs to rely upon its home state to invoke diplomatic protection once local remedies are exhausted in the host state, but could proceed with investor..