2016 年夏,歐盟面臨近 20 年來恐怖主義威脅的最高峰。2015 年初開始,伊斯蘭恐怖分子陸續對法、比、德等國境內大城發動恐怖攻擊,使歐洲國家陷入極度恐慌。本文從歐洲恐怖主義的歷史背景出發,討論歐洲恐怖主義意識形態基礎的轉變,並描述伊斯蘭國對歐洲的威脅。此外,歐洲外交安全政策、內部移民問題與社會問題、聖戰意識形態、網路科技等因素,皆對歐洲近期恐怖主義的發展,產生重大影響。此一波歐洲恐怖攻擊方式,主要 以孤狼式攻擊為主,而歐洲聯盟也以內部與外部行動,企圖回應此波恐怖主義威脅。未來「伊斯蘭國」可能以「理念」型式的方式發展,勢將對歐盟構成另一波更嚴峻安全挑戰。
In the summer of 2016, Europe was facing its biggest terrorist threat of the last two decades. Form the beginning of 2015, Islamic terrorists have launched a series of attacks on major cities in France, Belgium and Germany. The EU has been in a state of panic after the attacks. First, this article discusses the transformation of terrorist ideology in Europe from a historical background and describes the threat of the Islamic State. In addition, the European foreign and security policy, immigration and social problems, jihadism and internet technology all significantly contribute to the recent developments of terrorism in Europe. This wave of terrorist attacks has been dominated by so called “lone-wolf” actors. The EU has undertaken internal/external actions to respond to this wave of terrorism. Islamic State may continue to exist and develop in a form of “idea” and pose another serious security challenge to the EU.
在歐盟慶祝羅馬條約 60 週年前夕,歐洲統合面臨了英國公民投票決定脫離歐盟的震撼。英國脫歐究竟對歐洲統合產生何種意涵?是歐盟內部一持續爭辯中的議題。本文的目的在回答以下的研究問題:英國脫歐對歐洲統合產生何種意涵?公投出現脫歐的結果對歐盟傳遞出何種訊息?歐盟領袖是否正確解讀了這些訊息與意涵並給予正確的政策回應?經檢視對立性的論點之後,本文認為在公投中所顯示出的多項特質──不同社經階級所呈現出對立性的分裂投票-凸顯了必須正視經濟不公與分配不正義的急迫性與必要性。..
On the eve of the 60th anniversary of the signing of the Rome Treaty, European integration had suffered a setback with the U.K.’s decision to withdraw from the EU(Brexit). The implications for European integration are heavily contended in EU politics, but these are far from clear and will require further investigation. This paper attempts to explore the implications of Brexit for European integration. What messages does the U.K. referendum have for the EU? Have EU leaders interpreted these messages and implications and ..
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