本文起源於兩大研究問題:誰在治理中國的糧食安全?中國糧食安全嗎?因此使用聯合國糧食安全定義分析中國大陸糧食安全治理機制與治理狀況,主要發現有兩點:第一是糧食議題的安全化進展。聯合國雖然從 1970 年代中葉就開始進行糧食議題的安全化,並且逐步在 1970 年代將糧食充足性,1980 年代將糧食可取得性,1990 年代將食物使用性等項目列入糧食安全的指標中,但是氣候變遷卻在 21 世紀初期成為威脅糧食安全的新變數,使得糧食供需及取得的穩定性在近期成為糧食安全的重要指標,聯合國也因此在本世紀初期積極建構相關的治理機制和評量指標。
第二是中國糧食安全的狀況。中國在國家安全因素的驅使下,已經安全化它的糧食充足性,然而,為了避免糧食治理機制(尤其是可取得性、使用性、穩定性)的運作出現瓶頸,中國在未來仍需要強化地方政府與國內市場等治理機制的成長,改善不負責任的跨國農業投資行為,以及制定能因應新形態人類安全威脅的前瞻性政策。
This paper arises from an attempt to answer the two following questions: (1)Who is responsible for China’s food security governance?(2)Is China’s food security status secured? Definition of food security constructed by the United Nations(UN)was applied to analyze China’s food security governance and status, with two important findings. First, regarding securitization of the food issues, while the UN has gradually taken food availability(since the 1970s), accessibility(since the 1980s), and utilization and safety(since the 1990s)into consideration as food security indices, the index of stability has also been included into the UN’s contemporary food security definition, primarily due to an emerging threat of climate change. A more comprehensive food security governance mechanism and measurement as a result has been contributed by the UN’s efforts in the 21st century. Second, regarding China’s case, although China’s food availability currently has been secured due to national security concerns, its food security governance mechanism, especially for accessibility, utilization, and stability, is facing new challenges. To better deal with these new challenges, this paper believes that China needs to pay more attention to development of local food security governance and markets, of responsible agricultural investments overseas, and of pioneering policies to mitigate new threats to human security in the era of globalization.
本文為歐洲小國安全研究社群前後三年聚會期間的研究心得。藉由研究群成員挑選之歐盟小國在非傳統議題的功能性合作,分析歐盟架構下的治理模式,進而探究小國在非傳統安全議題如何透過跨國合作與有效治理機制以提升安全的能力:一是小國安全研究有何重要性?二是在多層級治理體系下,歐盟非傳統治理模式有何不同?三是面對複雜且多元的非傳統安全議題,小國要如何去善用自身的優勢,在歐盟大國之中合縱連橫,維持自身利益?
This paper presents the main results of the “European Small States Security” to the research community. The Community in three years’ time analyzes the governance model under the EU framework from the perspective of small states functional cooperation in non-traditional security. These studies also explore how small states can enhance their security strategy and bolster capabilities through transnational cooperation and effective governance mechanisms, aiming to answer the following sub- questions: why small..
中國自1978年改革開放以來,隨著快速的工業化與城市化的發展,國家糧食安全與糧食自給率的確保一直受到高度的重視。然隨著2001年加入世界貿易組織,國際農產品貿易日趨熱絡,糧食自給率逐漸下降,因此引發一個問題,即中國糧食安全程度是否逐漸惡化?糧食安全與貿易自由化是互補關係,抑或是互斥關係?本研究利用經濟學人信息社(Economist Intelligence Unit,以下簡稱:EIU)建構的全球糧食安全指標(Global Food Security Inde..
Food self-sufficiency rate has been the major food security indicator for policy decision-making in China for a very long time. However, after reform and opening the country with increasing international trade, the self-sufficiency ratio of food has gradually decreased, which raises the question, is there a gradual deterioration of China’s food security? This study uses the Global Food Security Index (GFSI) constructed by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), consisting of three sub-indexes, namely affordability, avail..
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