蘇聯自 1922 年建立後，在主權的實踐上有兩重要的轉折點，一是 1922 年的建立，是透過條約的簽訂而組成。也就是 1922 年的蘇聯在本質上具有「邦聯」的性質。但是，隨著 1924 年蘇聯憲法的通過，「邦聯」的蘇聯轉換 成「聯邦」的蘇聯，原來俄羅斯聯邦、烏克蘭、白俄羅斯及外高加索聯邦四個共和國主權的安排，透過憲法架構下「自由退出權」的設計得到妥協。在這樣的架構下，蘇聯體制的變異性成為一個特殊的現象。這種變異性使蘇聯在聯合國創立之初，就出現「一國三席」的特殊現象:除蘇聯在安理會擔任常任理事國外，蘇聯 15 個加盟共和國中的烏克蘭及白俄羅斯兩個加盟共和國亦成為聯合國會員國，而在大會中擁有席次。
During its establishment in 1922 and political transformation in 1924, the USSR transformed from a confederation to a federation through the Soviet Constitution in 1924. As a result, four sovereignties, including the original Russian SFSR, the Ukrainian SSR, the Byelorussian SSR, and the Transcaucasian SFSR, were entitled free exit rights as a compromise under the constitutional framework. This structure led to a unique phenomenon where one nation had three seats at the UN. While the USSR served as a permanent member in the UN Security Council, the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelorussian SSR, two of the fifteen union republics of the USSR, were also official UN members with seats in the General Assembly.
2004 年及 2007 年歐盟兩次東擴後已有 27 個會員國，但目前仍有許多國家期望未來可以加入歐盟。對歐盟來說，繼續擴大歐洲穩定與民主區有助於歐洲大陸局勢之穩定，然其負面效應則是過多會員國可能有礙於更深層次的整合與有限資源應如何有效分配等問題。因此，歐盟對其鄰近國家採取一系列相關政策來整合目前歐盟與這些地區之互動，其主要政策工具即是歐盟睦鄰政策之推行，本文試圖釐清歐盟睦鄰政策初步實踐之效果。作者認為，睦鄰政策做為歐盟外交政策工具之一，其主要核心目標在於提..
There are 27 member states within the European Union after enlargements of 2004 and 2007; many others are still trying to join the EU recently. The inclusion of more states is conducive to the expansion of stability zone in the European continent but it will be at the cost of closer EU integration and resource distribution. The European Neighbourhood Policy is designed for enhanced cooperation after the fifth enlargement between EU and its partner countries and this article tries to explore the innate nature of policy goals a..
我國身為遠洋漁捕大國，但受限於國家身分不被聯合國及大多數國家承認，無法參與或加入大多數的國際組織，包括區域漁業管理組織在內。為此，「1995年聯合國魚群協定」遂創造了「漁捕實體」一詞，為我國開啟參與國際組織的一個機會之窗。雖是如此，我國以「漁捕實體」之身分參與區域漁業管理組織所適用之程序及享有之權利，在不同組織與不同時期均有所差異。在早期中西太平洋漁業委員會(WCPFC)及美洲熱帶鮪類委員會(IATTC)中，「漁捕實體」所適用之程序及享有之權利幾乎與國家之「..
As one of the distant water fishing nations (DWFNs) in the world, Taiwan is not able to participate in or access the works of many international organizations, including regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs), due to the fact that Taiwan’s statehood is not recognized by the United Nations and most States. The term “Fishing Entities” was created in the 1995 United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA), in which it has also opened a window of opportunity for Taiwan in the participation of internat..
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