日本戰後形成的發展型國家體制被視為是1990 年代「失落十年」的元兇，日本政府因此採取了眾多政治與經濟上的構造改革。本文檢視日本發展型國家體制中兩個促成日本經濟成長的重要制度如何因改革而發生變化:一是力量強大的大藏省用來保護金融界的「護送船團」金融監理制度，二是傳統上金融界相互分擔分險、銀行和企業間特殊溝通管道而形成的「主要經辦銀行制度」。不少學者認為日本發展型國家已經轉型為英美式的監理型國家，但本文發現，雖然改革後的金融監理制度可說趨向監理型國家，「主要經..

The developmental state built after WWII has been blamed for Japan’s “lost decade” of the 1990s. The Japanese government takes a lot of structure reforms in politics and economics. This article examines how the two- important traditional structures of Japanese developmental state that were named as the engines of postwar economic successes were transformed by reforms. The first is so called “convoy system” financial regulation: the powerful ministry Okurasho with this system protected the financi..

過去幾年來，民粹與右翼的政治勢力在許多民主國家持續成長，尤其是歐洲地區。以德國為例，「德國另類選擇黨」（AfD）以反歐盟、反移民政策為代表，並且在2017年聯邦眾議院選舉中，一口氣以12.6%的得票率拿下94席成為第三大黨，也是最大的在野黨。後續在2021年的選舉中， AfD拿下10.3%的選票，維持一定的影響力。在當前右翼、民粹的政治勢力對民主形成的挑戰中，社群媒體中的臉書成為一個重要的工具性角色。在臉書的經營策略上，右翼、民粹的政黨往往以聳動、煽動的言語攻擊既有的體制與主流政黨，激化..

In the past few years, the right-wing populist parties are rising in many democracies especially in Europe. In Germany, the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) is known for its opposition to the EU and immigration policy of Germany. AfD has won 94 seats (12.6%) in the 2017 German Federal Election and became the third largest party as well as the largest opposition party. In the 2021 Federal Election, AfD still won 10.3% of the vote and 83 seats. In this wave of populist forces on democracy, social media plays an important role. In terms ..