本文主要分三大部分,首先從「新現實主義」、「新自由主義」與「善治」等三個角度,探索歐盟 (European Union/EU) 對中國政策的產出背景與運作邏輯。其次,本文將從實踐面著手,從歐盟與中國對彼此發表的八份文件,分析歐盟對中國政策的具體實踐,並檢視歐盟與中國在「軍售」、「WTO與市場經濟地位」以及「人權」三個問題上的互動與折衝。最後,本文將檢討與評估歐盟對中國政策的運作成效,以及歐盟內部成員國的立場對於歐盟對中國政策產出的影響,並展望歐盟的中國政策對其區域與全球戰略佈局的未來發展。
本文認為,新現實主義與新自由主義的思維仍將主導歐盟的中國政策,歐盟成員國間的立場與態度,也會對未來政策的走向具有一定的主導作用; 然而,在其全球戰略的規劃上,歐盟將積極納入「善治」的思維,用以推動與中國的交往和合作,以達到和平演變中國體制,並讓中國承擔更多全球治理責任,達成建立一個和平與穩定的國際社會的最終目標。
This article is divided into three major parts. It first explores the background and logic of EU's China policy from three aspectds : Neo-Realism, Neo-Liberalism and Good Governance. It then turns to practices and reviews EU's China policy based on eight documents issued by EU and China. It analyzes the reciprocity, negotiation, and compromise between EU and China on three issues of arms sales, WTO and market economy status, and human rights. In the final part, it reviews and evaluates the effect of EU's China policy and its member states' influence on the development of the policy, and looks into the role of its China policy in its future regional and global strategic deployment.
This article maintains that Neo-Realism and Neo-Liberalism will still dominate EU's China policy. The stance and attitude of its member states will affect its future policy. In its global strategy planning, EU will bring in the thinking of “Good Governance”, promotes its exchange and cooperation with China to achieve peaceful transformation of the Chinese regime, and to have China shoulders greater responsibility in global governance to reach for the final goal of a peaceful and stable international society.
武裝衝突期間軍隊保護人類文化資產的角色,國際人道法、國際人權法與國際刑法訂有相關的義務及規範,但此義務或法律規範具體的落實則是有賴於國際組織與強國(主要是美國)在不同的戰爭或武裝衝突期間的實際經驗。即使美國在2003年伊拉克戰爭前已經規劃保護當地文化資產的措施,軍隊及其盟軍仍遭致批評未能保護文化資產。後續2004年在科索沃戰爭期間未能保護東正教(Eastern Orthodox)修道院及防止種族屠殺之間的兩難、2005年在伊拉克薩馬拉(Samarra)歷史1..
This research tries to explore the evolution of international laws regarding the cultural property protection (CPP) during the event of armed conflict with armed forces having obligations to protect cultural property from Law of War, International Humanitarian Law, Law of International Human Rights and International Criminal Law. However, the international practices were based on the interactions of international politics and international laws have been played by great powers (particularly United States) in wars or armed con..
西元 2000 年以後,開發中地區的人權保障體系出現值得注意的新發展。在中東,建立區域性人權保障標準的努力,最初體現在 1990 年的《開羅伊斯蘭人權宣言》,而後則有阿拉伯國家聯盟先後兩次通過的《阿拉伯人權憲章》。從 2009 年開始,阿拉伯人權體系正式展開運作。本文的主要目的,在於追溯分析阿拉伯世界人權運動的發展歷程,並以《阿拉伯人權憲章》的文本為討論焦點,分析阿拉伯地區的人權觀點與國際人權理念的互動,並針對新建立的阿拉伯人權體系前景進行初步評估。 ..
The establishment of the Arab Human Rights Committee in 2009 signaled a new era of human rights protection in the Arab world. Given the tension between Islamic values and universal human rights and the relentless conflict between Israel and the Palestinian people, the Arab human rights mechanism would have been regarded as “mission impossible.” This article offers a pioneering investigation by reviewing the original and revised Arab Charters on Human rights. The analysis suggests that regional perspectives on huma..
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