後冷戰時期波蘭外交政策之轉變可謂歐洲政治發展過程中一個相當明顯且重要的變化,本文以外交ˋ政策分析架構來檢視波蘭後冷戰時期加入北約、歐盟以及美伊戰爭後的外交政策變化,這些政策變化的主要動力來自對權力追求的強度、對合乎國家利益的理性考量、心理因素如何影響外交政策制定以及探討歷史思維在政策制定過程中扮演之角色等。
本文認為波蘭外交政策變化之因在於 : 第一,加入北約是為了滿足對外部安全環境的需求,以外交政策調整發誓獲得安全保證,決策者透過實質理性判斷,滿足加入北約的心理與歷史需求。第二,加入歐盟乃是希望以現代化方向提升國家能力,透過程序理性取得全民共識。第三,美伊戰爭對波蘭而言屬突發性狀況處理,波蘭政府僅能從實質理性角度處理「何種外交政策」才是波蘭國家利益所在,政治菁英以歷史思維的記憶強化決策正當性,並據此調整外交政策。
The shift in foreign policy of Poland during the post-Cold war period can be considered as a significant process in the development of the European politics. This study focuses on the changes of foreign policy structure of Poland after the joining of NATO, EU and the US-lead war on Iraq. The changes are motivated by the strength on pursuit of power, rationality of the state interest, and the ideological and historical influence on the foreign policy making.
This analysis draws the conclusion to the cause in Polish foreign policy change. First, the joining of NATO being the need of Poland for a secure external environment; by adjustment of foreign policy to ensure a secure environment, the leadership through rational judgement fulfills the ideological and historical prerequisit. Second, joining of EU being the hope of modernization and reaching of higher status of state; legal process are required to gian popular consensus. Third, the US-lead Iraqi War being the challenge for Poland dealing with sudden unexpected circumstances in international affairs. The Polish government facing the challenge are endown with making rational choices, strengthening historical and ideological influence on foreign policy adjustment.
「歐洲化」概念在過去十年間受到歐盟研究學者的重視;然而當越來越多人賦予「歐洲化」越來越多的定義,「歐洲化」概念的實用性開始受到質疑。本文著重歐洲化概念對進一步增進我們對歐盟的了解所可能提供的「用處」,試圖利用歐洲化概念來探討歐洲整合對於不同層次的行為者所造成的衝擊。期以歐盟的民主赤字現象為例,說明歐洲化研究的實用性。文章首先從既存研究中確立歐洲化在歐洲政治結構的「上層」已經發生是既存事實,然而歐洲化在歐洲政治結構的「底層」則尚未發生。歐洲化的發生所仰賴的「機..
In the past ten years, Europeanists paid an increasing amount of attention to the concept of “Europeanization.” When the definition of “Europeanization” expands as more and more scholars build their research around the concept, the usefulness of the concept was cast in doubt. This article uses the study of elite-citizen gap in the EU as an example to shed light on the usefulness of the Europeanization concept in furthering our understanding of European integration. It examines the impact of Europeaniza..
隨著反傾銷稅及平衡稅等貿易救濟措施之增加,反規避條款之適用亦愈趨頻繁且產生了若干隱憂。進口國雖然認為反規避措施係為了處理規避反傾銷稅及平衡稅之問題而具有正當性,但規避行為同時有可能僅是生產者或出口商的在進口國或第三國的直接投資行為。與反傾銷稅及平衡稅係受 WTO 反傾銷協定及補貼暨平衡稅措施協定規範不同,WTO 對於反規避措施並未加以規範,因此產生了適用上之若干問題。若進口國對於原本非屬反傾銷稅調查對象之進口產品,以反規避調查之方式擴大對其適用反傾銷稅,即表..
Accompanying an increase of anti-dumping measures, anti-circumvention actions aim to prevent escapes from the anti-dumping measures, but also raise certain concerns. An Importing country may have justified reasons to initiate anti-circumvention investigation on the importing products not included in the original anti-dumping measures, because circumvention nullifies or reduces effective antidumping. However, circumvention might be just nothing more than direct investment in the importing country or a third country. Anti-dumpi..
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