歐盟於 1968 年成立一個糖共同行銷組織,在價格體系下,針對糖採取國內補貼與出口補貼。補貼額度超過歐盟 1995 年減讓承諾的補貼金額與出口數量,影響到澳洲、巴西與泰國糖的出口利益,而向 WTO 提起控訴。本案顯示補貼問題的複雜性,尤其很多國家透過國內補貼,而對出口產品實施交叉補貼,形成變相的出口補貼,這是本案的主要爭議。歐盟糖出口補貼被認定為違反 WTO 農業協定相關規定,因此影響到澳洲、巴西與泰國糖合法利益。本案對於歐盟糖體系的改革、WTO 杜哈發展議程談判以及開發中國家利益的影響,皆具有關聯性,值得重視。
The European Union (EU) established a Common Organization for sugar in 1968, and accordingly applied subsidies to sugar under the price support system. However, the EU has been providing export subsidies in excess of its budgetary outlay and quantity commitment levels specified in the Schedule of 1995, thereby nullifying or impairing benefits expected to accrue to Australia, Brazil and Thailand under the Agreement on Agriculture. This case demonstrates the complexity of subsidies, in particular as more and more WTO members apply domestic subsidies for export purposes through cross-subsidization arrangements, which is one of the outstanding issues of this case. It should also be noted that there is a trend for WTO members to bring agricultural disputes that are related to resolving export subsidies to the WTO dispute settlement system.
投資在歐盟與中國經貿關係,扮演一項重要角色。2009年12月1日《里斯本條約》生效後,歐盟共同貿易政策已涵蓋投資,使歐盟取得投資政策與投資談判之專屬職權。歐盟於2011年成為中國第一大貿易夥伴,與中國建立全面戰略夥伴關係。歐盟因此積極推動與中國的雙邊投資協定談判,以單一聲音,提高談判地位,期待簽署一項全面性投資協定。中國乃歐盟第一個對外投資協定談判之對象,歐盟又採取高標準投資保障談判策略。歐盟與中國雙邊投資協定談判除了影響歐中經貿關係之外,也將形塑國際投資規..
Investment plays a key role in EU-China trade relations. Since the Lisbon Treaty came into effect on December 1, 2009, the EU’s common commercial policy has extended to investment. Accordingly, the EU has exclusive compe- tence covering investment policy and its negotiation with third countries. Not to mention, the EU has become the main trading partner of China since 2011 because it identifies China as a strategic partner, as well as a targeting country with which to negotiate a high-standard bilateral investment agree..
近年來,歐盟逐漸修正對外貿易政策轉向與第三國及區域組織談判簽署「區域貿易協定」的結盟方式。歐盟與中美洲自由貿易協定就是以「區域對區域」的方式推動而發展出「跨區域」與「區域間」主義的走向。這種跨區域與區域間關係的建構不僅在區域內部,同時在跨區域聯繫上呈現出制度化發展的趨勢。 文章嘗試從跨區域層次解讀歐盟與中美洲(包括哥斯大黎加、薩爾瓦多、瓜地馬拉、宏都拉斯、尼加拉瓜、巴拿馬 6 國)兩區域之間的政經互 動。文章架構分成六部分:除前言外,其..
The European Union has recently shifted to a trade policy that envisages a greater use of the Regional Trade Agreements(RTAs)with all partners. The EU is pursuing the RTAs with Central America through a pattern of “region to region” to form the basis of negotiations, which is implying a certain degree of inter-and trans-regionalism characteristics. The development of inter-and trans-regional relations reflects a general trend of institutionalization of relations not only within but also across regions. This articl..
請輸入想查詢的期刊標題、關鍵字、作者相關資訊. Please enter the journal title, keywords, and author-related information you want to query.