討論殖民議題時,有學者指出,殖民者利用多族群的對立,採取「分而治之」的政策,以達到殖民目的;也有學者以「雙重使命」的角度,認為殖民者在殖民地不僅從事破壞,也執行建設,不該遺漏或偏頗其中一項。筆者認為,這兩種對殖民政策的分析方式,容易陷入殖民論述中常見的二分法困境,將殖民者採用「分而治之」的策略,認為是殖民者掌握殖民地的族群對立之後的理性計算,或是無法加以治理族群對立而不得不的退讓,而「雙重使命」則可能合理化殖民政策與忽略不同殖民地的特性。因此,本文質疑以「分而治之」與「雙重使命」為架構的殖民議題分析,是否符合當時的殖民脈絡?以及這樣的分析是否能呈現殖民經驗與殖民的治理性?本文在這樣的問題意識下,以英國殖民印度與斯里蘭卡為例,於殖民脈絡下,以地緣政治、族群、宗教、空間、語言、階級、全球化資本主義等因素,進行「多元衝突分析」,做為進一步探討殖民的起點。
Of colonial topics, a lot of scholars indicate that colonizers exploited the opposition in different races and enforced the tactics of Divide-and-Rule for the colonial purposes. Another school of scholars, based on the Dual Mandate approach, indicates that colonizers not just destroy but construct the colony as well. The article considers two approaches that led to the dilemma of colonial discourses especially on dichotomy - Divide-and-Rule, which leads to either colonizers controlling the characteristic of conflicts between ethicities, or conceding the powerless with conflicts between ethnicities and Dual Mandate, which rationalizes the colonial policy and neglects the characteristics of different colonies. Therefore, the article queries the analytic frames of Divide-and-Rule and Dual Mandate in the colonial context, as whether the two approaches can explain the colonial experiences and the governmentality of colonialism. The article focuses on the conflict in India and Sri Lanka during the last phase of British colonization with multi- conflict analysis, including political geography, ethnicity, religion, space, language, class, and global capitalism. The article hopes to be a new start in the study of colonialism.
本文檢視2005年以降日印兩國建構在外交、經濟、與防衛等領域合作的制度化過程,是否意味著將邁向同盟關係發展。日印兩國與中共之間分別存在著領土主權爭議,再加上中共積極擴大在印太區域的軍事存在,平衡中共威脅成為日印發展戰略合作的重要動機。2014年9月,日印將兩國戰略合作關係提升為「特別戰略性全球夥伴關係」,勾勒出雙方戰略合作 的路線圖,以共同發展印太區域的自由、開放、繁榮,以及確保印太海洋的交通線安全。不過,受限於國內共識與軍事實力不足,以及擔憂中共採取反制措施,短期內日印兩國不可..
This article examines the institutionalized development of diplomatic, economic, and defense cooperation between Japan and India since 2005, and whether or not both countries will move toward an alliance. To clarify further, Japan and India have disputes over territorial sovereignty with China, and China has actively expanded its military presence in the Indo-Pacific region. Thus, balancing China’s threats has become an important motive for Japan- India to develop strategic cooperation. Since September 2014, Japan and India have promo..
第二次世界大戰之後,現代南亞研究開始現身於美國學界,儘管其受到區域研究跨學科典範的影響,但卻仍未能完全擺脫東方學和印度學所積累下來的濃厚古典主義色彩,並在幾所領銜區域研究的重點大學院校中,形成獨樹一格的南亞研究傳統,著重於非功利取向的人文式理解;唯在受到一系列知識性與制度性的質疑和挑戰之後,隨著區域研究本身面臨學科紀律的重組與反省,過去對於南亞問題的研究視野,也開始出現許多檢討與轉變。在本文的討論中,我們便將透過南亞研究在美國學界發展軌跡的回顧與檢討,描繪區..
The establishing of South Asian studies in America during the decades following the WWII marked an important shift in the study of South Asia from Oriental studies and Indology towards an interdisciplinary area studies approach which tried to treat this area as objects of social sciences and humanities. During the ensuing decade, the earnest scholarship begun with the leading universities, such as the University of Chicago, University of Pennsylvania; all fostered new projects focused on South Asia. They had emphasized study ..
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