選舉制度的設計，不僅攸關各國政黨體制的運作與國家政府體制的鞏固，甚至對政府執政領導人事的更迭、政策制定的變遷，均有深刻的影響。對選民投票行為來說，更會因不同選制結構而展現出不同的決策思維。因此選制的相關規範設計，無疑是形塑先進民主國家政治體制運作的基礎，而選制變革過程中所產生的政治效應，更值得學界深入進行評估與檢驗。 本文根據日本選舉研究(JES)所彙整的定群追蹤調查，針對九零年代日本新舊選制的轉換過程，探析選民對政黨支持偏好的動態過程..

Electoral system is imperative to define the party system in a country. It also helps to consolidate the political regime, to formulate public policies, and to alternate government leaders in the office. From the constituent’s point of view, different electoral rules influence the behaviors and the way of voting as well. It is therefore without question that the electoral system is essential to regulate political systems in any democracy. This paper, based on the panel data collected from the Japanese Electio..

日本「防衛計畫大綱」的制定模式隨內外環境變化，政治菁英與官僚的政策功能不斷改變，而政官之間互動也成為影響防衛政策內容的主因。過去四期的制定模式變化從冷戰期間高度左右意識形態對立下政治菁英消極參與及官僚有限主導、冷戰後政黨脆弱共識下政治菁英有限參與及官僚有限主導、到 911 事件後內閣強力主導下官僚被動配合、與民主黨執政下的多元政治參與及官僚擔任專業幕僚，逐漸形成政官分工架構。其中，內閣與執政黨負責提供政治領導、政策方向、與政黨間共識形成;防衛官僚認知國際局勢..

The making of Japan’s National Defense Program Guidelines (NDPG)has been shifting from a limited bureaucratic-centric model under domestic ideological confrontation and political elites’ limited participation during and after the Cold War to the division of labor between political and bureaucratic elites during Koizumi’s “Kantei Diplomacy” and the Democratic Party of Japan(DPJ)era. The Cabinet and ruling party provide political leadership, policy direction, and consensus formation in the ruling c..