2016 年夏，歐盟面臨近 20 年來恐怖主義威脅的最高峰。2015 年初開始，伊斯蘭恐怖分子陸續對法、比、德等國境內大城發動恐怖攻擊，使歐洲國家陷入極度恐慌。本文從歐洲恐怖主義的歷史背景出發，討論歐洲恐怖主義意識形態基礎的轉變，並描述伊斯蘭國對歐洲的威脅。此外，歐洲外交安全政策、內部移民問題與社會問題、聖戰意識形態、網路科技等因素，皆對歐洲近期恐怖主義的發展，產生重大影響。此一波歐洲恐怖攻擊方式，主要 以孤狼式攻擊為主，而歐洲聯盟也以內部與外部行動，企圖回應此波恐怖主義威脅。未來「伊斯蘭國」可能以「理念」型式的方式發展，勢將對歐盟構成另一波更嚴峻安全挑戰。
In the summer of 2016, Europe was facing its biggest terrorist threat of the last two decades. Form the beginning of 2015, Islamic terrorists have launched a series of attacks on major cities in France, Belgium and Germany. The EU has been in a state of panic after the attacks. First, this article discusses the transformation of terrorist ideology in Europe from a historical background and describes the threat of the Islamic State. In addition, the European foreign and security policy, immigration and social problems, jihadism and internet technology all significantly contribute to the recent developments of terrorism in Europe. This wave of terrorist attacks has been dominated by so called “lone-wolf” actors. The EU has undertaken internal/external actions to respond to this wave of terrorism. Islamic State may continue to exist and develop in a form of “idea” and pose another serious security challenge to the EU.
近年來，隨著歐盟和北約組織的東擴與俄國的再度興起，位處西方民主國家與俄國之間「地緣斷層線」上的中東歐國家對俄國「抗衡或扈從」 的議題又再度浮上檯面。相關文獻指出，中、小國家與大國之間的利益相似程度，是決定其對該大國選擇「抗衡或扈從」關係的關鍵前提條件，據此，本文探討在這個「地緣斷層線」上16個曾具有相似背景的前「東方集團」的中東歐國家與俄國之間在外交政策利益相似程度上的變化。以近年來在各國所發生的事件為基礎，本文發現，經濟危機和民主退化的問題， 在近年來開始威脅著這些中東歐國家的傳統政黨..
Due to the eastern expansion of EU and NATO and the resurgence of Russia under Putin’s leadership, how the Central and Eastern European fault line states chose between balancing and bandwagoning toward Russia has become a salient issue in contemporary international relations studies. This article investigates changes in the degree of policy similarity between 16 former “Eastern Bloc” Central and Eastern European States and Russia. The rationale for this study is that previous studies demonstrated that this issue is the key..
本文為歐洲小國安全研究社群前後三年聚會期間的研究心得。藉由研究群成員挑選之歐盟小國在非傳統議題的功能性合作，分析歐盟架構下的治理模式，進而探究小國在非傳統安全議題如何透過跨國合作與有效治理機制以提升安全的能力:一是小國安全研究有何重要性?二是在多層級治理體系下，歐盟非傳統治理模式有何不同?三是面對複雜且多元的非傳統安全議題，小國要如何去善用自身的優勢，在歐盟大國之中合縱連橫，維持自身利益?
This paper presents the main results of the “European Small States Security” to the research community. The Community in three years’ time analyzes the governance model under the EU framework from the perspective of small states functional cooperation in non-traditional security. These studies also explore how small states can enhance their security strategy and bolster capabilities through transnational cooperation and effective governance mechanisms, aiming to answer the following sub- questions: why small..
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