大喜馬拉雅流域因全球暖化導致冰川消融,面臨河川水量下降與乾旱危機。因這些河川多係跨界,水資源匱乏引起各國間的緊張,其中尤以中共與印度兩大強權關係最受矚目。中印跨界河川源頭都在中共控制的西藏高原,中共「南水北調」工程及在布拉馬普特拉河上游築壩,讓印度深感威脅,在缺乏水資源合作及資訊分享機制下,兩國現實主義的傾向,進一步惡化既存緊張關係,也使兩國水戰爭陰影揮之不去。
The glaciers melting of the Great Himalayan basin due to global warming has resulted in river water shortage and drought crises. As many rivers of the area are trans-boundary waters, water scarcity has aroused tension between countries. The relationships between the two powers – China and India – attract the most attention. As the sources of all shared rivers between the two countries lie on the Tibetan Plateau, which is under control of China, China’s South-to-North Water Diversion Project has thus posed significant threats to India. Owing to lack of water resources cooperation and information sharing mechanisms, realistic tendencies of the two countries have exacerbated the existing tension, and the potential risk of water war between the two countries seems inevitable.
本體論為任何研究之始,能動者 / 結構爭論為以 Waltz 為首之結構現實主義與 Wendt 為代表之建構主義在本體論層次的重要歧異點之一,為此,兩派學者自 1980 年代末黨論戰迄今。儘管本體論的問題具有政治性,不見得有終極與明確的答案,但籍由本體論的討論可以讓吾人更能瞭解兩派理論在深層假設的異同。本文在敘明能動者/結構爭論在理論發展上的重要性後,進行爭論中相關重要概念——如能動者、能動性、結構等——的闡述,除追蹤這些概念在社會學上的根源..
All research begins with ontology. The agent/structure debate represents one of the most profound discrepancies and the least conclusive contests in this regard between Structural Realism and Constructivism since the late 1980s. Though politics is the terrain of competing ontology;definite and clear-cut answers are hardly attainable, a serious discussion on ontological issues can lead us to penetrate the assumptions deeply embedded in both theories. This article first examines theoretical significances in the agent/structure debate and ..
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