新現實主義針對外部平衡提出了許多的模型,但卻未能說明國家為何,以及如何在不同類型的內部平衡間進行選擇,以回應外在的壓力。要解釋一國在軍事政策上的變化,必須以一種結合體系與單元雙層次變數的理論進行分析,而這種理論的基礎即是目前方興未艾的新古典現實主義。不過,新古典現實主義雖注意到了單元層次的重要性,卻仍忽略了國家行為邏輯的雙重性,亦即,國家除了權衡利害關係(後果性邏輯)以做出決策外,在此過程中,也會受到文化因素(適當性邏輯)的影響。本研究即是希望能夠透過理論綜合的途徑,拓展現有的軍事擴散理論,將國內政策過程的分析含跨理性主義與建構主義(及文化主義),設計出新一代的安全備戰模型。
There are many models of external balancing based on neo-realism. Nevertheless, not all can interpret why and how states choose among different types of internal balancing strategies to response the extrinsic stress. To understand the change of a state’s military policy, neoclassical realism integrates the system-level and unit-level variables. However, it still ignores the dual nature of the logic of state’s action, namely, besides interest, the influence of culture. Hence, a new “secure arming” model combining rationalism and constructivism(and culturalism)is warranted to support the military diffusion theories.
全球化帶來了生活意識的同化以及空間一體化的現象,使得美國能夠藉此散播其意識形態,而美國也確實藉由全球化的機制增強了其在國際事務上的影響力,並在全球相互依賴的網絡下贏得了主導的位置。本文嘗試以霸權國作為研究的核心,藉由垂直(vertical)與水平(horizontal)社會化兩種國際社會化(International Socialization)的方式來說明霸權國如何利用除了傳統的軍事武力之外的社會化途徑來影響其他國家,成為維持其霸權體制的另一種柔性力量。 ..
Globalization leads to assimilation of life consciousness and space integration. Thus enables the U.S. to spread ideology, reinforces international influence, and gains possession of the leading status under this global interdependence network. This article attempts to use horizontal and vertical socialization approaches to explain how hegemonic states utilize their soft powers to maintain dominance and exert influence on other states without the use of military force.
本文主張新古典現實主義不宜再度檢視國內層次的眾多因素與變項,而應從實然的角度來思考國家如何評估威脅、國家如何選擇外交政策的類型。本文說明新古典現實主義並非為解決異例(anomaly)誕生,而是將非體系與理念因素納入體系理論的邏輯之中,也就是將國內層次因素解讀為決策者對壓力的反應類型,亦即決策者會評估並判斷應採取何種類型之外交政策。而根據決策者對國際壓力的知覺(perception),以及對於國內政治的評估 (calculation),本文整理出國家具有制衡、..
This article criticizes the inappropriateness of neoclassical realism in evaluating factors and variables at the domestic level. Instead, the manner of which states assess threats and choose types of foreign policy should be based on empirical methods. The authors explain that neoclassical realism is not a result of solving anomaly but that it combines non-structural and ideational factors into the logic of the system theory. Factors at the domestic level are supposed to be systematically categorized and simplified by types o..
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